# groonga - An open-source fulltext search engine and column store.

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# 5.3. Completion

This section describes about the following completion features:

- How it works
- How to use
- How to learn

## 5.3.1. How it works

The completion feature uses three searches to compute completed words:

> 1. Prefix RK search against registered words.
> 2. Cooccurrence search against learned data.
> 3. Prefix search against registered words. (optional)

### 5.3.1.1. Prefix RK search

RK means Romaji and Katakana. Prefix RK search can find registered words that start with user's input by romaji, katakana or hiragana. It's useful for searching in Japanese.

For example, there is a registered word "日本". And "ニホン" (it must be katakana) is registered as its reading. An user can find "日本" by "ni", "二" or "に".

If you create dataset which is named as example by groonga-suggest-create-dataset command, you can update pairs of registered word and its reading by loading data to '_key' and 'kana' column of item_example table explicitly for prefix RK search.

### 5.3.1.2. Cooccurrence search

Cooccurrence search can find registered words from user's partial input. It uses user input sequences that will be learned from query logs, access logs and so on.

For example, there is the following user input sequence:

input | submit
--- | ---
s | no
se | no
sea | no
sear | no
searc | no
search | yes
e | no
en | no
eng | no
engi | no
engin | no
engine | no
enginen | no (typo!)
engine | yes

Groonga creates the following completion pairs:

input | completed word
--- | ---
s | search
se | search
sea | search
sear | search
searc | search
e | engine
en | engine
eng | engine
engi | engine
engin | engine
engine | engine
enginen | engine

All user not-submitted inputs (e.g. "s", "se" and so on) before each an user submission maps to the submitted input (e.g. "search").

To be precise, this description isn't correct because it omits about time stamp. Groonga doesn't case about "all user not-submitted inputs before each an user submission". Groonga just case about "all user not-submitted inputs within a minute from an user submission before each an user submission". Groonga doesn't treat user inputs before a minute ago.

If an user inputs "sea" and cooccurrence search returns "search" because "sea" is in input column and corresponding completed word column value is "search".

### 5.3.1.3. Prefix search

Prefix search can find registered word that start with user's input. This search doesn't care about romaji, katakana and hiragana not like Prefix RK search.

This search isn't always ran. It's just ran when it's requested explicitly or both prefix RK search and cooccurrence search return nothing.

For example, there is a registered word "search". An user can find "search" by "s", "se", "sea", "sear", "searc" and "search".

## 5.3.2. How to use

Groonga provides suggest command to use completion. --type complete option requests completion.

For example, here is an command to get completion results by "en":

Execution example:

    suggest --table item_query --column kana --types complete --frequency_threshold 1 --query en
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   {
    #     "complete": [
    #       [
    #         1
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "_key",
    #           "ShortText"
    #         ],
    #         [
    #           "_score",
    #           "Int32"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "engine",
    #         1
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   }
    # ]

## 5.3.3. How it learns

Cooccurrence search uses learned data. They are based on query logs, access logs and so on. To create learned data, groonga needs user input sequence with time stamp and user submit input with time stamp.

For example, an user wants to search by "engine". The user inputs the query with the following sequence:

> 1. 2011-08-10T13:33:23+09:00: e
> 2. 2011-08-10T13:33:23+09:00: en
> 3. 2011-08-10T13:33:24+09:00: eng
> 4. 2011-08-10T13:33:24+09:00: engi
> 5. 2011-08-10T13:33:24+09:00: engin
> 6. 2011-08-10T13:33:25+09:00: engine (submit!)

Groonga can be learned from the input sequence by the following command:

    load --table event_query --each 'suggest_preparer(_id, type, item, sequence, time, pair_query)'
    [
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950803.86057, "item": "e"},
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950803.96857, "item": "en"},
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950804.26057, "item": "eng"},
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950804.56057, "item": "engi"},
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950804.76057, "item": "engin"},
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950805.86057, "item": "engine", "type": "submit"}
    ]

## 5.3.4. How to update RK reading data

Groonga requires registered word and its reading for RK search, so load such data in the advance.

Here is the example to register "日本" which means Japanese in english.

Execution example:

    load --table event_query --each 'suggest_preparer(_id, type, item, sequence, time, pair_query)'
    [
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950805.86058, "item": "日本", "type": "submit"}
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 1]

Here is the example to update RK data to complete "日本".

Execution example:

    load --table item_query
    [
    {"_key":"日本", "kana":["ニホン", "ニッポン"]}
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 1]

Then you can complete registered word "日本" by RK input - "nihon".

Execution example:

    suggest --table item_query --column kana --types complete --frequency_threshold 1 --query nihon
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   {
    #     "complete": [
    #       [
    #         1
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "_key",
    #           "ShortText"
    #         ],
    #         [
    #           "_score",
    #           "Int32"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本",
    #         2
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   }
    # ]

Without loading above RK data, you can't complete registered word "日本" by query - "nihon".

As the column type of item_query table is VECTOR_COLUMN, you can register multiple readings for registered word.

This is the reason that you can also complete the registered word "日本" by query - "nippon".

Execution example:

    suggest --table item_query --column kana --types complete --frequency_threshold 1 --query nippon
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   {
    #     "complete": [
    #       [
    #         1
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "_key",
    #           "ShortText"
    #         ],
    #         [
    #           "_score",
    #           "Int32"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本",
    #         2
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   }
    # ]

This feature is very convenient because you can search registered word even though Japanese IM is disabled.

If there are multiple candidates as completed result, you can customize priority to set the value of "boost" column in item_query table.

Here is the example to customize priority for RK search.

Execution example:

    load --table event_query --each 'suggest_preparer(_id, type, item, sequence, time, pair_query)'
    [
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950805.86059, "item": "日本語", "type": "submit"}
    {"sequence": "1", "time": 1312950805.86060, "item": "日本人", "type": "submit"}
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 2]
    load --table item_query
    [
    {"_key":"日本語", "kana":"ニホンゴ"}
    {"_key":"日本人", "kana":"ニホンジン"}
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 2]
    suggest --table item_query --column kana --types complete --frequency_threshold 1 --query nihon
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   {
    #     "complete": [
    #       [
    #         3
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "_key",
    #           "ShortText"
    #         ],
    #         [
    #           "_score",
    #           "Int32"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本",
    #         2
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本人",
    #         2
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本語",
    #         2
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   }
    # ]
    load --table item_query
    [
    {"_key":"日本人", "boost": 100},
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 1]
    suggest --table item_query --column kana --types complete --frequency_threshold 1 --query nihon
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   {
    #     "complete": [
    #       [
    #         3
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "_key",
    #           "ShortText"
    #         ],
    #         [
    #           "_score",
    #           "Int32"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本人",
    #         102
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本",
    #         2
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         "日本語",
    #         2
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   }
    # ]

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