# groonga - An open-source fulltext search engine and column store.

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- 7.14. Function »

# 7.14.13. snippet_html

Caution

This feature is experimental. API will be changed.

## 7.14.13.1. Summary

`snippet_html` extracts snippets of target text around search keywords (`KWIC`. `KeyWord In Context`). The snippets are prepared for embedding HTML. Special characters such as `<` and `>` are escapsed as `&lt;` and `&gt;`. Keyword is surrounded with `<span class="keyword">` and `</span>`. For example, a snippet of `I am a groonga user. <3` for keyword `groonga` is `I am a <span class="keyword">groonga</span> user. &lt;3`.

## 7.14.13.2. Syntax

`snippet_html` has only one parameter:

    snippet_html(column)

`snippet_html` has many parameters internally but they can't be specified for now. You will be able to custom those parameters soon.

## 7.14.13.3. Usage

Here are a schema definition and sample data to show usage.

Execution example:

    table_create Documents TABLE_NO_KEY
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
    column_create Documents content COLUMN_SCALAR Text
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
    table_create Terms TABLE_PAT_KEY|KEY_NORMALIZE ShortText --default_tokenizer TokenBigram
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
    column_create Terms documents_content_index COLUMN_INDEX|WITH_POSITION Documents content
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
    load --table Documents
    [
    ["content"],
    ["Groonga is a fast and accurate full text search engine based on inverted index. One of the characteristics of groonga is that a newly registered document instantly appears in search results. Also, groonga allows updates without read locks. These characteristics result in superior performance on real-time applications."],
    ["Groonga is also a column-oriented database management system (DBMS). Compared with well-known row-oriented systems, such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, column-oriented systems are more suited for aggregate queries. Due to this advantage, groonga can cover weakness of row-oriented systems."]
    ]
    # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], 2]

`snippet_html` can be used in only `--output_columns` in select.

You need to specify `--command_version 2` argument explicitly because function call in `--output_columns` is experimental feature in Groonga 2.0.9. It will be enabled by default soon.

You also need to specify `--query` and/or `--filter`. Keywords are extracted from `--query` and `--filter` arguments.

The following example uses `--query "fast performance"`. In this case, `fast` and `performance` are used as keywords.

Execution example:

    select Documents --output_columns "snippet_html(content)" --command_version 2 --match_columns content --query "fast performance"
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   [
    #     [
    #       [
    #         1
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "snippet_html",
    #           "null"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "Groonga is a <span class=\"keyword\">fast</span> and accurate full text search engine based on inverted index. One of the characteristics of groonga is that a newly registered document instantly appears in search results. Also, gro",
    #           "onga allows updates without read locks. These characteristics result in superior <span class=\"keyword\">performance</span> on real-time applications."
    #         ]
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   ]
    # ]

`--query "fast performance"` matches to only the first record's content. `snippet_html(content)` extracts two text parts that include the keywords `fast` or `performance` and surrounds the keywords with `<span class="keyword">` and `</span>`.

The max number of text parts is 3. If there are 4 or more text parts that include the keywords, only the leading 3 parts are only used.

The max size of a text part is 200byte. The unit is bytes not chracters. The size doesn't include inserted `<span keyword="keyword">` and `</span>`.

Both the max number of text parts and the max size of a text part aren't customizable.

You can specify string literal instead of column.

Execution example:

    select Documents --output_columns 'snippet_html("Groonga is very fast fulltext search engine.")' --command_version 2 --match_columns content --query "fast performance"
    # [
    #   [
    #     0,
    #     1337566253.89858,
    #     0.000355720520019531
    #   ],
    #   [
    #     [
    #       [
    #         1
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "snippet_html",
    #           "null"
    #         ]
    #       ],
    #       [
    #         [
    #           "Groonga is very <span class=\"keyword\">fast</span> fulltext search engine."
    #         ]
    #       ]
    #     ]
    #   ]
    # ]

## 7.14.13.4. Return value

`snippet_html` returns an array of string or `null`. If `snippet_html` can't find any snippets, it returns `null`.

An element of array is a snippet:

    [SNIPPET1, SNIPPET2, SNIPPET3]

A snippet includes one or more keywords. The max byte size of a snippet except `<span keyword="keyword">` and `</span>` is 200byte. The unit isn't the number of chracters.

The array size is larger than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3. The max size 3 will be customizable soon.

## 7.14.13.5. TODO

- Make the max number of text parts customizable.
- Make the max size of a text part customizable.
- Make keywords customizable.
- Make tag that surrounds a keyword customizable.
- Make normalization customizable.
- Support options by object literal.

## 7.14.13.6. See also

- select

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