#ifndef HANDLER_INCLUDED
#define HANDLER_INCLUDED
/*
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   Copyright (c) 2009, 2013, Monty Program Ab.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of
   the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
*/

/* Definitions for parameters to do with handler-routines */

#ifdef USE_PRAGMA_INTERFACE
#pragma interface			/* gcc class implementation */
#endif

#include "sql_const.h"
#include "mysqld.h"                             /* server_id */
#include "sql_plugin.h"        /* plugin_ref, st_plugin_int, plugin */
#include "thr_lock.h"          /* thr_lock_type, THR_LOCK_DATA */
#include "sql_cache.h"
#include "structs.h"                            /* SHOW_COMP_OPTION */
#include "sql_array.h"          /* Dynamic_array<> */

#include <my_compare.h>
#include <ft_global.h>
#include <keycache.h>
#include <mysql/psi/mysql_table.h>

#if MAX_KEY > 128
#error MAX_KEY is too large.  Values up to 128 are supported.
#endif

// the following is for checking tables

#define HA_ADMIN_ALREADY_DONE	  1
#define HA_ADMIN_OK               0
#define HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED -1
#define HA_ADMIN_FAILED		 -2
#define HA_ADMIN_CORRUPT         -3
#define HA_ADMIN_INTERNAL_ERROR  -4
#define HA_ADMIN_INVALID         -5
#define HA_ADMIN_REJECT          -6
#define HA_ADMIN_TRY_ALTER       -7
#define HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM  -8
#define HA_ADMIN_NOT_BASE_TABLE  -9
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_UPGRADE  -10
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_ALTER    -11
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_CHECK    -12

/* Bits in table_flags() to show what database can do */

#define HA_NO_TRANSACTIONS     (1ULL << 0) /* Doesn't support transactions */
#define HA_PARTIAL_COLUMN_READ (1ULL << 1) /* read may not return all columns */
#define HA_TABLE_SCAN_ON_INDEX (1ULL << 2) /* No separate data/index file */
/*
  The following should be set if the following is not true when scanning
  a table with rnd_next()
  - We will see all rows (including deleted ones)
  - Row positions are 'table->s->db_record_offset' apart
  If this flag is not set, filesort will do a position() call for each matched
  row to be able to find the row later.
*/
#define HA_REC_NOT_IN_SEQ      (1ULL << 3)
#define HA_CAN_GEOMETRY        (1ULL << 4)
/*
  Reading keys in random order is as fast as reading keys in sort order
  (Used in records.cc to decide if we should use a record cache and by
  filesort to decide if we should sort key + data or key + pointer-to-row
*/
#define HA_FAST_KEY_READ       (1ULL << 5)
/*
  Set the following flag if we on delete should force all key to be read
  and on update read all keys that changes
*/
#define HA_REQUIRES_KEY_COLUMNS_FOR_DELETE (1ULL << 6)
#define HA_NULL_IN_KEY         (1ULL << 7) /* One can have keys with NULL */
#define HA_DUPLICATE_POS       (1ULL << 8)    /* ha_position() gives dup row */
#define HA_NO_BLOBS            (1ULL << 9) /* Doesn't support blobs */
#define HA_CAN_INDEX_BLOBS     (1ULL << 10)
#define HA_AUTO_PART_KEY       (1ULL << 11) /* auto-increment in multi-part key */
#define HA_REQUIRE_PRIMARY_KEY (1ULL << 12) /* .. and can't create a hidden one */
#define HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT (1ULL << 13) /* stats.records is exact */
/*
  INSERT_DELAYED only works with handlers that uses MySQL internal table
  level locks
*/
#define HA_CAN_INSERT_DELAYED  (1ULL << 14)
/*
  If we get the primary key columns for free when we do an index read
  It also implies that we have to retrive the primary key when using
  position() and rnd_pos().
*/
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_IN_READ_INDEX (1ULL << 15)
/*
  If HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION is set, it means that to position()
  uses a primary key given by the record argument.
  Without primary key, we can't call position().
  If not set, the position is returned as the current rows position
  regardless of what argument is given.
*/ 
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION (1ULL << 16) 
#define HA_CAN_RTREEKEYS       (1ULL << 17)
#define HA_NOT_DELETE_WITH_CACHE (1ULL << 18)
/*
  The following is we need to a primary key to delete (and update) a row.
  If there is no primary key, all columns needs to be read on update and delete
*/
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_DELETE (1ULL << 19)
#define HA_NO_PREFIX_CHAR_KEYS (1ULL << 20)
#define HA_CAN_FULLTEXT        (1ULL << 21)
#define HA_CAN_SQL_HANDLER     (1ULL << 22)
#define HA_NO_AUTO_INCREMENT   (1ULL << 23)
/* Has automatic checksums and uses the old checksum format */
#define HA_HAS_OLD_CHECKSUM    (1ULL << 24)
/* Table data are stored in separate files (for lower_case_table_names) */
#define HA_FILE_BASED	       (1ULL << 26)
#define HA_NO_VARCHAR	       (1ULL << 27)
#define HA_CAN_BIT_FIELD       (1ULL << 28) /* supports bit fields */
#define HA_NEED_READ_RANGE_BUFFER (1ULL << 29) /* for read_multi_range */
#define HA_ANY_INDEX_MAY_BE_UNIQUE (1ULL << 30)
#define HA_NO_COPY_ON_ALTER    (1ULL << 31)
#define HA_HAS_RECORDS	       (1ULL << 32) /* records() gives exact count*/
/* Has it's own method of binlog logging */
#define HA_HAS_OWN_BINLOGGING  (1ULL << 33)
/*
  Engine is capable of row-format and statement-format logging,
  respectively
*/
#define HA_BINLOG_ROW_CAPABLE  (1ULL << 34)
#define HA_BINLOG_STMT_CAPABLE (1ULL << 35)
/*
    When a multiple key conflict happens in a REPLACE command mysql
    expects the conflicts to be reported in the ascending order of
    key names.

    For e.g.

    CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT, UNIQUE (a), b INT NOT NULL, UNIQUE (b), c INT NOT
                     NULL, INDEX(c));

    REPLACE INTO t1 VALUES (1,1,1),(2,2,2),(2,1,3);

    MySQL expects the conflict with 'a' to be reported before the conflict with
    'b'.

    If the underlying storage engine does not report the conflicting keys in
    ascending order, it causes unexpected errors when the REPLACE command is
    executed.

    This flag helps the underlying SE to inform the server that the keys are not
    ordered.
*/
#define HA_DUPLICATE_KEY_NOT_IN_ORDER    (1ULL << 36)

/*
  Engine supports REPAIR TABLE. Used by CHECK TABLE FOR UPGRADE if an
  incompatible table is detected. If this flag is set, CHECK TABLE FOR UPGRADE
  will report ER_TABLE_NEEDS_UPGRADE, otherwise ER_TABLE_NEED_REBUILD.
*/
#define HA_CAN_REPAIR                    (1ULL << 37)

/* Has automatic checksums and uses the new checksum format */
#define HA_HAS_NEW_CHECKSUM    (1ULL << 38)
#define HA_CAN_VIRTUAL_COLUMNS (1ULL << 39)
#define HA_MRR_CANT_SORT       (1ULL << 40)
#define HA_RECORD_MUST_BE_CLEAN_ON_WRITE (1ULL << 41)

/*
  Table condition pushdown must be performed regardless of
  'engine_condition_pushdown' setting.

  This flag is aimed at storage engines that come with "special" predicates
  that can only be evaluated inside the storage engine.  
  For example, when one does 
    select * from sphinx_table where query='{fulltext_query}'
  then the "query=..." condition must be always pushed down into storage
  engine.
*/
#define HA_MUST_USE_TABLE_CONDITION_PUSHDOWN (1ULL << 42)

/*
  Set of all binlog flags. Currently only contain the capabilities
  flags.
 */
#define HA_BINLOG_FLAGS (HA_BINLOG_ROW_CAPABLE | HA_BINLOG_STMT_CAPABLE)

/* bits in index_flags(index_number) for what you can do with index */
#define HA_READ_NEXT            1       /* TODO really use this flag */
#define HA_READ_PREV            2       /* supports ::index_prev */
#define HA_READ_ORDER           4       /* index_next/prev follow sort order */
#define HA_READ_RANGE           8       /* can find all records in a range */
#define HA_ONLY_WHOLE_INDEX	16	/* Can't use part key searches */
#define HA_KEYREAD_ONLY         64	/* Support HA_EXTRA_KEYREAD */

/*
  Index scan will not return records in rowid order. Not guaranteed to be
  set for unordered (e.g. HASH) indexes.
*/
#define HA_KEY_SCAN_NOT_ROR     128 
#define HA_DO_INDEX_COND_PUSHDOWN  256 /* Supports Index Condition Pushdown */
/*
  Data is clustered on this key. This means that when you read the key
  you also get the row data without any additional disk reads.
*/
#define HA_CLUSTERED_INDEX      512

/*
  bits in alter_table_flags:
*/
/*
  These bits are set if different kinds of indexes can be created or dropped
  in-place without re-creating the table using a temporary table.
  NO_READ_WRITE indicates that the handler needs concurrent reads and writes
  of table data to be blocked.
  Partitioning needs both ADD and DROP to be supported by its underlying
  handlers, due to error handling, see bug#57778.
*/
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE         (1L << 0)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE        (1L << 1)
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_UNIQUE_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE  (1L << 2)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_UNIQUE_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE (1L << 3)
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_PK_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE      (1L << 4)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_PK_INDEX_NO_READ_WRITE     (1L << 5)
/*
  These are set if different kinds of indexes can be created or dropped
  in-place while still allowing concurrent reads (but not writes) of table
  data. If a handler is capable of one or more of these, it should also set
  the corresponding *_NO_READ_WRITE bit(s).
*/
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_INDEX_NO_WRITE              (1L << 6)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_INDEX_NO_WRITE             (1L << 7)
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_UNIQUE_INDEX_NO_WRITE       (1L << 8)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_UNIQUE_INDEX_NO_WRITE      (1L << 9)
#define HA_INPLACE_ADD_PK_INDEX_NO_WRITE           (1L << 10)
#define HA_INPLACE_DROP_PK_INDEX_NO_WRITE          (1L << 11)
/*
  HA_PARTITION_FUNCTION_SUPPORTED indicates that the function is
  supported at all.
  HA_FAST_CHANGE_PARTITION means that optimised variants of the changes
  exists but they are not necessarily done online.

  HA_ONLINE_DOUBLE_WRITE means that the handler supports writing to both
  the new partition and to the old partitions when updating through the
  old partitioning schema while performing a change of the partitioning.
  This means that we can support updating of the table while performing
  the copy phase of the change. For no lock at all also a double write
  from new to old must exist and this is not required when this flag is
  set.
  This is actually removed even before it was introduced the first time.
  The new idea is that handlers will handle the lock level already in
  store_lock for ALTER TABLE partitions.

  HA_PARTITION_ONE_PHASE is a flag that can be set by handlers that take
  care of changing the partitions online and in one phase. Thus all phases
  needed to handle the change are implemented inside the storage engine.
  The storage engine must also support auto-discovery since the frm file
  is changed as part of the change and this change must be controlled by
  the storage engine. A typical engine to support this is NDB (through
  WL #2498).
*/
#define HA_PARTITION_FUNCTION_SUPPORTED         (1L << 12)
#define HA_FAST_CHANGE_PARTITION                (1L << 13)
#define HA_PARTITION_ONE_PHASE                  (1L << 14)

/* operations for disable/enable indexes */
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_NONUNIQ      0
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_ALL          1
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_NONUNIQ_SAVE 2
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_ALL_SAVE     3

/*
  Note: the following includes binlog and closing 0.
  so: innodb + bdb + ndb + binlog + myisam + myisammrg + archive +
      example + csv + heap + blackhole + federated + 0
  (yes, the sum is deliberately inaccurate)
  TODO remove the limit, use dynarrays
*/
#define MAX_HA 64

/*
  Use this instead of 0 as the initial value for the slot number of
  handlerton, so that we can distinguish uninitialized slot number
  from slot 0.
*/
#define HA_SLOT_UNDEF ((uint)-1)

/*
  Parameters for open() (in register form->filestat)
  HA_GET_INFO does an implicit HA_ABORT_IF_LOCKED
*/

#define HA_OPEN_KEYFILE		1
#define HA_OPEN_RNDFILE		2
#define HA_GET_INDEX		4
#define HA_GET_INFO		8	/* do a ha_info() after open */
#define HA_READ_ONLY		16	/* File opened as readonly */
/* Try readonly if can't open with read and write */
#define HA_TRY_READ_ONLY	32
#define HA_WAIT_IF_LOCKED	64	/* Wait if locked on open */
#define HA_ABORT_IF_LOCKED	128	/* skip if locked on open.*/
#define HA_BLOCK_LOCK		256	/* unlock when reading some records */
#define HA_OPEN_TEMPORARY	512

	/* Some key definitions */
#define HA_KEY_NULL_LENGTH	1
#define HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH	2

#define HA_LEX_CREATE_TMP_TABLE	1
#define HA_LEX_CREATE_IF_NOT_EXISTS 2
#define HA_LEX_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE 4
#define HA_CREATE_TMP_ALTER     8
#define HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH	65535

/* Table caching type */
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_NONTRANSACT 0
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_NOCACHE     1
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_ASKTRANSACT 2
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_TRANSACT    4

/**
  Options for the START TRANSACTION statement.

  Note that READ ONLY and READ WRITE are logically mutually exclusive.
  This is enforced by the parser and depended upon by trans_begin().

  We need two flags instead of one in order to differentiate between
  situation when no READ WRITE/ONLY clause were given and thus transaction
  is implicitly READ WRITE and the case when READ WRITE clause was used
  explicitly.
*/

// WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT option
static const uint MYSQL_START_TRANS_OPT_WITH_CONS_SNAPSHOT = 1;
// READ ONLY option
static const uint MYSQL_START_TRANS_OPT_READ_ONLY          = 2;
// READ WRITE option
static const uint MYSQL_START_TRANS_OPT_READ_WRITE         = 4;

/* Flags for method is_fatal_error */
#define HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY 1
#define HA_CHECK_DUP_UNIQUE 2
#define HA_CHECK_DUP (HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY + HA_CHECK_DUP_UNIQUE)

enum legacy_db_type
{
  /* note these numerical values are fixed and can *not* be changed */
  DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN=0,
  DB_TYPE_HEAP=6,
  DB_TYPE_MYISAM=9,
  DB_TYPE_MRG_MYISAM=10,
  DB_TYPE_INNODB=12,
  DB_TYPE_NDBCLUSTER=14,
  DB_TYPE_EXAMPLE_DB=15,
  DB_TYPE_ARCHIVE_DB=16,
  DB_TYPE_CSV_DB=17,
  DB_TYPE_FEDERATED_DB=18,
  DB_TYPE_BLACKHOLE_DB=19,
  DB_TYPE_PARTITION_DB=20,
  DB_TYPE_BINLOG=21,
  DB_TYPE_PBXT=23,
  DB_TYPE_MARIA=27,
  DB_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA=28,
  DB_TYPE_FIRST_DYNAMIC=42,
  DB_TYPE_DEFAULT=127 // Must be last
};
/*
  Better name for DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN. Should be used for engines that do not have
  a hard-coded type value here.
 */
#define DB_TYPE_AUTOASSIGN DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN

enum row_type { ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED=-1, ROW_TYPE_DEFAULT, ROW_TYPE_FIXED,
		ROW_TYPE_DYNAMIC, ROW_TYPE_COMPRESSED,
		ROW_TYPE_REDUNDANT, ROW_TYPE_COMPACT,
                /** Unused. Reserved for future versions. */
                ROW_TYPE_PAGE };

enum enum_binlog_func {
  BFN_RESET_LOGS=        1,
  BFN_RESET_SLAVE=       2,
  BFN_BINLOG_WAIT=       3,
  BFN_BINLOG_END=        4,
  BFN_BINLOG_PURGE_FILE= 5
};

enum enum_binlog_command {
  LOGCOM_CREATE_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_ALTER_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_RENAME_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_DROP_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_CREATE_DB,
  LOGCOM_ALTER_DB,
  LOGCOM_DROP_DB
};

/* struct to hold information about the table that should be created */

/* Bits in used_fields */
#define HA_CREATE_USED_AUTO             (1L << 0)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_RAID             (1L << 1) //RAID is no longer availble
#define HA_CREATE_USED_UNION            (1L << 2)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_INSERT_METHOD    (1L << 3)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_MIN_ROWS         (1L << 4)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_MAX_ROWS         (1L << 5)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_AVG_ROW_LENGTH   (1L << 6)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PACK_KEYS        (1L << 7)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CHARSET          (1L << 8)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DEFAULT_CHARSET  (1L << 9)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DATADIR          (1L << 10)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_INDEXDIR         (1L << 11)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_ENGINE           (1L << 12)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CHECKSUM         (1L << 13)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DELAY_KEY_WRITE  (1L << 14)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_ROW_FORMAT       (1L << 15)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_COMMENT          (1L << 16)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PASSWORD         (1L << 17)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CONNECTION       (1L << 18)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_KEY_BLOCK_SIZE   (1L << 19)
/* The following two are used by Maria engine: */
#define HA_CREATE_USED_TRANSACTIONAL    (1L << 20)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PAGE_CHECKSUM    (1L << 21)

typedef ulonglong my_xid; // this line is the same as in log_event.h
#define MYSQL_XID_PREFIX "MySQLXid"
#define MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN 8 // must be a multiple of 8
#define MYSQL_XID_OFFSET (MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN+sizeof(server_id))
#define MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN (MYSQL_XID_OFFSET+sizeof(my_xid))

#define XIDDATASIZE MYSQL_XIDDATASIZE
#define MAXGTRIDSIZE 64
#define MAXBQUALSIZE 64

#define COMPATIBLE_DATA_YES 0
#define COMPATIBLE_DATA_NO  1

/**
  struct xid_t is binary compatible with the XID structure as
  in the X/Open CAE Specification, Distributed Transaction Processing:
  The XA Specification, X/Open Company Ltd., 1991.
  http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/c193.htm

  @see MYSQL_XID in mysql/plugin.h
*/
struct xid_t {
  long formatID;
  long gtrid_length;
  long bqual_length;
  char data[XIDDATASIZE];  // not \0-terminated !

  xid_t() {}                                /* Remove gcc warning */  
  bool eq(struct xid_t *xid)
  { return eq(xid->gtrid_length, xid->bqual_length, xid->data); }
  bool eq(long g, long b, const char *d)
  { return g == gtrid_length && b == bqual_length && !memcmp(d, data, g+b); }
  void set(struct xid_t *xid)
  { memcpy(this, xid, xid->length()); }
  void set(long f, const char *g, long gl, const char *b, long bl)
  {
    formatID= f;
    memcpy(data, g, gtrid_length= gl);
    memcpy(data+gl, b, bqual_length= bl);
  }
  void set(ulonglong xid)
  {
    my_xid tmp;
    formatID= 1;
    set(MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN, 0, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX);
    memcpy(data+MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN, &server_id, sizeof(server_id));
    tmp= xid;
    memcpy(data+MYSQL_XID_OFFSET, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
    gtrid_length=MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN;
  }
  void set(long g, long b, const char *d)
  {
    formatID= 1;
    gtrid_length= g;
    bqual_length= b;
    memcpy(data, d, g+b);
  }
  bool is_null() { return formatID == -1; }
  void null() { formatID= -1; }
  my_xid quick_get_my_xid()
  {
    my_xid tmp;
    memcpy(&tmp, data+MYSQL_XID_OFFSET, sizeof(tmp));
    return tmp;
  }
  my_xid get_my_xid()
  {
    return gtrid_length == MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN && bqual_length == 0 &&
           !memcmp(data, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN) ?
           quick_get_my_xid() : 0;
  }
  uint length()
  {
    return sizeof(formatID)+sizeof(gtrid_length)+sizeof(bqual_length)+
           gtrid_length+bqual_length;
  }
  uchar *key()
  {
    return (uchar *)&gtrid_length;
  }
  uint key_length()
  {
    return sizeof(gtrid_length)+sizeof(bqual_length)+gtrid_length+bqual_length;
  }
};
typedef struct xid_t XID;

/* for recover() handlerton call */
#define MIN_XID_LIST_SIZE  128
#define MAX_XID_LIST_SIZE  (1024*128)

/*
  These structures are used to pass information from a set of SQL commands
  on add/drop/change tablespace definitions to the proper hton.
*/
#define UNDEF_NODEGROUP 65535
enum ts_command_type
{
  TS_CMD_NOT_DEFINED = -1,
  CREATE_TABLESPACE = 0,
  ALTER_TABLESPACE = 1,
  CREATE_LOGFILE_GROUP = 2,
  ALTER_LOGFILE_GROUP = 3,
  DROP_TABLESPACE = 4,
  DROP_LOGFILE_GROUP = 5,
  CHANGE_FILE_TABLESPACE = 6,
  ALTER_ACCESS_MODE_TABLESPACE = 7
};

enum ts_alter_tablespace_type
{
  TS_ALTER_TABLESPACE_TYPE_NOT_DEFINED = -1,
  ALTER_TABLESPACE_ADD_FILE = 1,
  ALTER_TABLESPACE_DROP_FILE = 2
};

enum tablespace_access_mode
{
  TS_NOT_DEFINED= -1,
  TS_READ_ONLY = 0,
  TS_READ_WRITE = 1,
  TS_NOT_ACCESSIBLE = 2
};

struct handlerton;
class st_alter_tablespace : public Sql_alloc
{
  public:
  const char *tablespace_name;
  const char *logfile_group_name;
  enum ts_command_type ts_cmd_type;
  enum ts_alter_tablespace_type ts_alter_tablespace_type;
  const char *data_file_name;
  const char *undo_file_name;
  const char *redo_file_name;
  ulonglong extent_size;
  ulonglong undo_buffer_size;
  ulonglong redo_buffer_size;
  ulonglong initial_size;
  ulonglong autoextend_size;
  ulonglong max_size;
  uint nodegroup_id;
  handlerton *storage_engine;
  bool wait_until_completed;
  const char *ts_comment;
  enum tablespace_access_mode ts_access_mode;
  st_alter_tablespace()
  {
    tablespace_name= NULL;
    logfile_group_name= "DEFAULT_LG"; //Default log file group
    ts_cmd_type= TS_CMD_NOT_DEFINED;
    data_file_name= NULL;
    undo_file_name= NULL;
    redo_file_name= NULL;
    extent_size= 1024*1024;        //Default 1 MByte
    undo_buffer_size= 8*1024*1024; //Default 8 MByte
    redo_buffer_size= 8*1024*1024; //Default 8 MByte
    initial_size= 128*1024*1024;   //Default 128 MByte
    autoextend_size= 0;            //No autoextension as default
    max_size= 0;                   //Max size == initial size => no extension
    storage_engine= NULL;
    nodegroup_id= UNDEF_NODEGROUP;
    wait_until_completed= TRUE;
    ts_comment= NULL;
    ts_access_mode= TS_NOT_DEFINED;
  }
};

/* The handler for a table type.  Will be included in the TABLE structure */

struct TABLE;

/*
  Make sure that the order of schema_tables and enum_schema_tables are the same.
*/
enum enum_schema_tables
{
  SCH_CHARSETS= 0,
  SCH_CLIENT_STATS,
  SCH_COLLATIONS,
  SCH_COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY,
  SCH_COLUMNS,
  SCH_COLUMN_PRIVILEGES,
  SCH_ENGINES,
  SCH_EVENTS,
  SCH_EXPLAIN,
  SCH_FILES,
  SCH_GLOBAL_STATUS,
  SCH_GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
  SCH_INDEX_STATS,
  SCH_KEY_CACHES,
  SCH_KEY_COLUMN_USAGE,
  SCH_OPEN_TABLES,
  SCH_PARAMETERS,
  SCH_PARTITIONS,
  SCH_PLUGINS,
  SCH_ALL_PLUGINS,
  SCH_PROCESSLIST,
  SCH_PROFILES,
  SCH_REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS,
  SCH_PROCEDURES,
  SCH_SCHEMATA,
  SCH_SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES,
  SCH_SESSION_STATUS,
  SCH_SESSION_VARIABLES,
  SCH_STATISTICS,
  SCH_STATUS,
  SCH_TABLES,
  SCH_TABLESPACES,
  SCH_TABLE_CONSTRAINTS,
  SCH_TABLE_NAMES,
  SCH_TABLE_PRIVILEGES,
  SCH_TABLE_STATS,
  SCH_TRIGGERS,
  SCH_USER_PRIVILEGES,
  SCH_USER_STATS,
  SCH_VARIABLES,
  SCH_VIEWS
};

struct TABLE_SHARE;
struct HA_CREATE_INFO;
struct st_foreign_key_info;
typedef struct st_foreign_key_info FOREIGN_KEY_INFO;
typedef bool (stat_print_fn)(THD *thd, const char *type, uint type_len,
                             const char *file, uint file_len,
                             const char *status, uint status_len);
enum ha_stat_type { HA_ENGINE_STATUS, HA_ENGINE_LOGS, HA_ENGINE_MUTEX };
extern st_plugin_int *hton2plugin[MAX_HA];

/* Transaction log maintains type definitions */
enum log_status
{
  HA_LOG_STATUS_FREE= 0,      /* log is free and can be deleted */
  HA_LOG_STATUS_INUSE= 1,     /* log can't be deleted because it is in use */
  HA_LOG_STATUS_NOSUCHLOG= 2  /* no such log (can't be returned by
                                the log iterator status) */
};
/*
  Function for signaling that the log file changed its state from
  LOG_STATUS_INUSE to LOG_STATUS_FREE

  Now it do nothing, will be implemented as part of new transaction
  log management for engines.
  TODO: implement the function.
*/
void signal_log_not_needed(struct handlerton, char *log_file);
/*
  Data of transaction log iterator.
*/
struct handler_log_file_data {
  LEX_STRING filename;
  enum log_status status;
};

/*
  Definitions for engine-specific table/field/index options in the CREATE TABLE.

  Options are declared with HA_*OPTION_* macros (HA_TOPTION_NUMBER,
  HA_FOPTION_ENUM, HA_IOPTION_STRING, etc).

  Every macros takes the option name, and the name of the underlying field of
  the appropriate C structure. The "appropriate C structure" is
  ha_table_option_struct for table level options,
  ha_field_option_struct for field level options,
  ha_index_option_struct for key level options. The engine either
  defines a structure of this name, or uses #define's to map
  these "appropriate" names to the actual structure type name.

  ULL options use a ulonglong as the backing store.
  HA_*OPTION_NUMBER() takes the option name, the structure field name,
  the default value for the option, min, max, and blk_siz values.

  STRING options use a char* as a backing store.
  HA_*OPTION_STRING takes the option name and the structure field name.
  The default value will be 0.

  ENUM options use a uint as a backing store (not enum!!!).
  HA_*OPTION_ENUM takes the option name, the structure field name,
  the default value for the option as a number, and a string with the
  permitted values for this enum - one string with comma separated values,
  for example: "gzip,bzip2,lzma"

  BOOL options use a bool as a backing store.
  HA_*OPTION_BOOL takes the option name, the structure field name,
  and the default value for the option.
  From the SQL, BOOL options accept YES/NO, ON/OFF, and 1/0.

  The name of the option is limited to 255 bytes,
  the value (for string options) - to the 32767 bytes.

  See ha_example.cc for an example.
*/

struct ha_table_option_struct;
struct ha_field_option_struct;
struct ha_index_option_struct;

enum ha_option_type { HA_OPTION_TYPE_ULL,    /* unsigned long long */
                      HA_OPTION_TYPE_STRING, /* char * */
                      HA_OPTION_TYPE_ENUM,   /* uint */
                      HA_OPTION_TYPE_BOOL,   /* bool */
                      HA_OPTION_TYPE_SYSVAR};/* type of the sysval */

#define HA_xOPTION_NUMBER(name, struc, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)   \
  { HA_OPTION_TYPE_ULL, name, sizeof(name)-1,                        \
    offsetof(struc, field), def, min, max, blk_siz, 0, 0 }
#define HA_xOPTION_STRING(name, struc, field)                        \
  { HA_OPTION_TYPE_STRING, name, sizeof(name)-1,                     \
    offsetof(struc, field), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
#define HA_xOPTION_ENUM(name, struc, field, values, def)             \
  { HA_OPTION_TYPE_ENUM, name, sizeof(name)-1,                       \
    offsetof(struc, field), def, 0,                                  \
    sizeof(values)-1, 0, values, 0 }
#define HA_xOPTION_BOOL(name, struc, field, def)                     \
  { HA_OPTION_TYPE_BOOL, name, sizeof(name)-1,                       \
    offsetof(struc, field), def, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 }
#define HA_xOPTION_SYSVAR(name, struc, field, sysvar)                \
  { HA_OPTION_TYPE_SYSVAR, name, sizeof(name)-1,                     \
    offsetof(struc, field), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, MYSQL_SYSVAR(sysvar) }
#define HA_xOPTION_END { HA_OPTION_TYPE_ULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }

#define HA_TOPTION_NUMBER(name, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)          \
  HA_xOPTION_NUMBER(name, ha_table_option_struct, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)
#define HA_TOPTION_STRING(name, field)                               \
  HA_xOPTION_STRING(name, ha_table_option_struct, field)
#define HA_TOPTION_ENUM(name, field, values, def)                    \
  HA_xOPTION_ENUM(name, ha_table_option_struct, field, values, def)
#define HA_TOPTION_BOOL(name, field, def)                            \
  HA_xOPTION_BOOL(name, ha_table_option_struct, field, def)
#define HA_TOPTION_SYSVAR(name, field, sysvar)                       \
  HA_xOPTION_SYSVAR(name, ha_table_option_struct, field, sysvar)
#define HA_TOPTION_END HA_xOPTION_END

#define HA_FOPTION_NUMBER(name, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)          \
  HA_xOPTION_NUMBER(name, ha_field_option_struct, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)
#define HA_FOPTION_STRING(name, field)                               \
  HA_xOPTION_STRING(name, ha_field_option_struct, field)
#define HA_FOPTION_ENUM(name, field, values, def)                    \
  HA_xOPTION_ENUM(name, ha_field_option_struct, field, values, def)
#define HA_FOPTION_BOOL(name, field, def)                            \
  HA_xOPTION_BOOL(name, ha_field_option_struct, field, def)
#define HA_FOPTION_SYSVAR(name, field, sysvar)                       \
  HA_xOPTION_SYSVAR(name, ha_field_option_struct, field, sysvar)
#define HA_FOPTION_END HA_xOPTION_END

#define HA_IOPTION_NUMBER(name, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)          \
  HA_xOPTION_NUMBER(name, ha_index_option_struct, field, def, min, max, blk_siz)
#define HA_IOPTION_STRING(name, field)                               \
  HA_xOPTION_STRING(name, ha_index_option_struct, field)
#define HA_IOPTION_ENUM(name, field, values, def)                    \
  HA_xOPTION_ENUM(name, ha_index_option_struct, field, values, def)
#define HA_IOPTION_BOOL(name, field, values, def)                    \
  HA_xOPTION_BOOL(name, ha_index_option_struct, field, values, def)
#define HA_IOPTION_SYSVAR(name, field, sysvar)                       \
  HA_xOPTION_SYSVAR(name, ha_index_option_struct, field, sysvar)
#define HA_IOPTION_END HA_xOPTION_END

typedef struct st_ha_create_table_option {
  enum ha_option_type type;
  const char *name;
  size_t name_length;
  ptrdiff_t offset;
  ulonglong def_value;
  ulonglong min_value, max_value, block_size;
  const char *values;
  struct st_mysql_sys_var *var;
} ha_create_table_option;

enum handler_iterator_type
{
  /* request of transaction log iterator */
  HA_TRANSACTLOG_ITERATOR= 1
};
enum handler_create_iterator_result
{
  HA_ITERATOR_OK,          /* iterator created */
  HA_ITERATOR_UNSUPPORTED, /* such type of iterator is not supported */
  HA_ITERATOR_ERROR        /* error during iterator creation */
};

/*
  Iterator structure. Can be used by handler/handlerton for different purposes.

  Iterator should be created in the way to point "before" the first object
  it iterate, so next() call move it to the first object or return !=0 if
  there is nothing to iterate through.
*/
struct handler_iterator {
  /*
    Moves iterator to next record and return 0 or return !=0
    if there is no records.
    iterator_object will be filled by this function if next() returns 0.
    Content of the iterator_object depend on iterator type.
  */
  int (*next)(struct handler_iterator *, void *iterator_object);
  /*
    Free resources allocated by iterator, after this call iterator
    is not usable.
  */
  void (*destroy)(struct handler_iterator *);
  /*
    Pointer to buffer for the iterator to use.
    Should be allocated by function which created the iterator and
    destroied by freed by above "destroy" call
  */
  void *buffer;
};

class handler;
/*
  handlerton is a singleton structure - one instance per storage engine -
  to provide access to storage engine functionality that works on the
  "global" level (unlike handler class that works on a per-table basis)

  usually handlerton instance is defined statically in ha_xxx.cc as

  static handlerton { ... } xxx_hton;

  savepoint_*, prepare, recover, and *_by_xid pointers can be 0.
*/
struct handlerton
{
  /*
    Historical marker for if the engine is available of not
  */
  SHOW_COMP_OPTION state;

  /*
    Historical number used for frm file to determine the correct
    storage engine.  This is going away and new engines will just use
    "name" for this.
  */
  enum legacy_db_type db_type;
  /*
    each storage engine has it's own memory area (actually a pointer)
    in the thd, for storing per-connection information.
    It is accessed as

      thd->ha_data[xxx_hton.slot]

   slot number is initialized by MySQL after xxx_init() is called.
   */
   uint slot;
   /*
     to store per-savepoint data storage engine is provided with an area
     of a requested size (0 is ok here).
     savepoint_offset must be initialized statically to the size of
     the needed memory to store per-savepoint information.
     After xxx_init it is changed to be an offset to savepoint storage
     area and need not be used by storage engine.
     see binlog_hton and binlog_savepoint_set/rollback for an example.
   */
   uint savepoint_offset;
   /*
     handlerton methods:

     close_connection is only called if
     thd->ha_data[xxx_hton.slot] is non-zero, so even if you don't need
     this storage area - set it to something, so that MySQL would know
     this storage engine was accessed in this connection
   */
   int  (*close_connection)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   /*
     Tell handler that query has been killed.
   */
   void (*kill_query)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, enum thd_kill_levels level);
   /*
     sv points to an uninitialized storage area of requested size
     (see savepoint_offset description)
   */
   int  (*savepoint_set)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   /*
     sv points to a storage area, that was earlier passed
     to the savepoint_set call
   */
   int  (*savepoint_rollback)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   int  (*savepoint_release)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   /*
     'all' is true if it's a real commit, that makes persistent changes
     'all' is false if it's not in fact a commit but an end of the
     statement that is part of the transaction.
     NOTE 'all' is also false in auto-commit mode where 'end of statement'
     and 'real commit' mean the same event.
   */
   int (*commit)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   /*
     The commit_ordered() method is called prior to the commit() method, after
     the transaction manager has decided to commit (not rollback) the
     transaction. Unlike commit(), commit_ordered() is called only when the
     full transaction is committed, not for each commit of statement
     transaction in a multi-statement transaction.

     Not that like prepare(), commit_ordered() is only called when 2-phase
     commit takes place. Ie. when no binary log and only a single engine
     participates in a transaction, one commit() is called, no
     commit_ordered(). So engines must be prepared for this.

     The calls to commit_ordered() in multiple parallel transactions is
     guaranteed to happen in the same order in every participating
     handler. This can be used to ensure the same commit order among multiple
     handlers (eg. in table handler and binlog). So if transaction T1 calls
     into commit_ordered() of handler A before T2, then T1 will also call
     commit_ordered() of handler B before T2.

     Engines that implement this method should during this call make the
     transaction visible to other transactions, thereby making the order of
     transaction commits be defined by the order of commit_ordered() calls.

     The intention is that commit_ordered() should do the minimal amount of
     work that needs to happen in consistent commit order among handlers. To
     preserve ordering, calls need to be serialised on a global mutex, so
     doing any time-consuming or blocking operations in commit_ordered() will
     limit scalability.

     Handlers can rely on commit_ordered() calls to be serialised (no two
     calls can run in parallel, so no extra locking on the handler part is
     required to ensure this).

     Note that commit_ordered() can be called from a different thread than the
     one handling the transaction! So it can not do anything that depends on
     thread local storage, in particular it can not call my_error() and
     friends (instead it can store the error code and delay the call of
     my_error() to the commit() method).

     Similarly, since commit_ordered() returns void, any return error code
     must be saved and returned from the commit() method instead.

     The commit_ordered method is optional, and can be left unset if not
     needed in a particular handler (then there will be no ordering guarantees
     wrt. other engines and binary log).
   */
   void (*commit_ordered)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*rollback)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*prepare)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   /*
     The prepare_ordered method is optional. If set, it will be called after
     successful prepare() in all handlers participating in 2-phase
     commit. Like commit_ordered(), it is called only when the full
     transaction is committed, not for each commit of statement transaction.

     The calls to prepare_ordered() among multiple parallel transactions are
     ordered consistently with calls to commit_ordered(). This means that
     calls to prepare_ordered() effectively define the commit order, and that
     each handler will see the same sequence of transactions calling into
     prepare_ordered() and commit_ordered().

     Thus, prepare_ordered() can be used to define commit order for handlers
     that need to do this in the prepare step (like binlog). It can also be
     used to release transaction's locks early in an order consistent with the
     order transactions will be eventually committed.

     Like commit_ordered(), prepare_ordered() calls are serialised to maintain
     ordering, so the intention is that they should execute fast, with only
     the minimal amount of work needed to define commit order. Handlers can
     rely on this serialisation, and do not need to do any extra locking to
     avoid two prepare_ordered() calls running in parallel.

     Like commit_ordered(), prepare_ordered() is not guaranteed to be called
     in the context of the thread handling the rest of the transaction. So it
     cannot invoke code that relies on thread local storage, in particular it
     cannot call my_error().

     prepare_ordered() cannot cause a rollback by returning an error, all
     possible errors must be handled in prepare() (the prepare_ordered()
     method returns void). In case of some fatal error, a record of the error
     must be made internally by the engine and returned from commit() later.

     Note that for user-level XA SQL commands, no consistent ordering among
     prepare_ordered() and commit_ordered() is guaranteed (as that would
     require blocking all other commits for an indefinite time).

     When 2-phase commit is not used (eg. only one engine (and no binlog) in
     transaction), neither prepare() nor prepare_ordered() is called.
   */
   void (*prepare_ordered)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*recover)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid_list, uint len);
   int  (*commit_by_xid)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid);
   int  (*rollback_by_xid)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid);
   /*
     The commit_checkpoint_request() handlerton method is used to checkpoint
     the XA recovery process for storage engines that support two-phase
     commit.

     The method is optional - an engine that does not implemented is expected
     to work the traditional way, where every commit() durably flushes the
     transaction to disk in the engine before completion, so XA recovery will
     no longer be needed for that transaction.

     An engine that does implement commit_checkpoint_request() is also
     expected to implement commit_ordered(), so that ordering of commits is
     consistent between 2pc participants. Such engine is no longer required to
     durably flush to disk transactions in commit(), provided that the
     transaction has been successfully prepare()d and commit_ordered(); thus
     potentionally saving one fsync() call. (Engine must still durably flush
     to disk in commit() when no prepare()/commit_ordered() steps took place,
     at least if durable commits are wanted; this happens eg. if binlog is
     disabled).

     The TC will periodically (eg. once per binlog rotation) call
     commit_checkpoint_request(). When this happens, the engine must arrange
     for all transaction that have completed commit_ordered() to be durably
     flushed to disk (this does not include transactions that might be in the
     middle of executing commit_ordered()). When such flush has completed, the
     engine must call commit_checkpoint_notify_ha(), passing back the opaque
     "cookie".

     The flush and call of commit_checkpoint_notify_ha() need not happen
     immediately - it can be scheduled and performed asynchroneously (ie. as
     part of next prepare(), or sync every second, or whatever), but should
     not be postponed indefinitely. It is however also permissible to do it
     immediately, before returning from commit_checkpoint_request().

     When commit_checkpoint_notify_ha() is called, the TC will know that the
     transactions are durably committed, and thus no longer require XA
     recovery. It uses that to reduce the work needed for any subsequent XA
     recovery process.
   */
   void (*commit_checkpoint_request)(handlerton *hton, void *cookie);
  /*
    "Disable or enable checkpointing internal to the storage engine. This is
    used for FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK AND DISABLE CHECKPOINT to ensure that
    the engine will never start any recovery from a time between
    FLUSH TABLES ... ; UNLOCK TABLES.

    While checkpointing is disabled, the engine should pause any background
    write activity (such as tablespace checkpointing) that require consistency
    between different files (such as transaction log and tablespace files) for
    crash recovery to succeed. The idea is to use this to make safe
    multi-volume LVM snapshot backups.
  */
   int  (*checkpoint_state)(handlerton *hton, bool disabled);
   void *(*create_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   void (*set_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *read_view);
   void (*close_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *read_view);
   handler *(*create)(handlerton *hton, TABLE_SHARE *table, MEM_ROOT *mem_root);
   void (*drop_database)(handlerton *hton, char* path);
   int (*panic)(handlerton *hton, enum ha_panic_function flag);
   int (*start_consistent_snapshot)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   bool (*flush_logs)(handlerton *hton);
   bool (*show_status)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, stat_print_fn *print, enum ha_stat_type stat);
   uint (*partition_flags)();
   uint (*alter_table_flags)(uint flags);
   int (*alter_tablespace)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, st_alter_tablespace *ts_info);
   int (*fill_is_table)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables, 
                        class Item *cond, 
                        enum enum_schema_tables);
   uint32 flags;                                /* global handler flags */
   /*
      Those handlerton functions below are properly initialized at handler
      init.
   */
   int (*binlog_func)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, enum_binlog_func fn, void *arg);
   void (*binlog_log_query)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, 
                            enum_binlog_command binlog_command,
                            const char *query, uint query_length,
                            const char *db, const char *table_name);
   int (*release_temporary_latches)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);

   /*
     Get log status.
     If log_status is null then the handler do not support transaction
     log information (i.e. log iterator can't be created).
     (see example of implementation in handler.cc, TRANS_LOG_MGM_EXAMPLE_CODE)

   */
   enum log_status (*get_log_status)(handlerton *hton, char *log);

   /*
     Iterators creator.
     Presence of the pointer should be checked before using
   */
   enum handler_create_iterator_result
     (*create_iterator)(handlerton *hton, enum handler_iterator_type type,
                        struct handler_iterator *fill_this_in);
   /*
     Optional clauses in the CREATE/ALTER TABLE
   */
   ha_create_table_option *table_options; // table level options
   ha_create_table_option *field_options; // these are specified per field
   ha_create_table_option *index_options; // these are specified per index

   /**
     The list of extensions of files created for a single table in the
     database directory (datadir/db_name/).

     Used by open_table_error(), by the default rename_table and delete_table
     handler methods, and by the default discovery implementation.
  
     For engines that have more than one file name extentions (separate
     metadata, index, and/or data files), the order of elements is relevant.
     First element of engine file name extentions array should be metadata
     file extention. This is implied by the open_table_error()
     and the default discovery implementation.
     
     Second element - data file extention. This is implied
     assumed by REPAIR TABLE ... USE_FRM implementation.
   */
   const char **tablefile_extensions; // by default - empty list

   /*********************************************************************
     Table discovery API.
     It allows the server to "discover" tables that exist in the storage
     engine, without user issuing an explicit CREATE TABLE statement.
   **********************************************************************/

   /*
     This method is required for any engine that supports automatic table
     discovery, there is no default implementation.

     Given a TABLE_SHARE discover_table() fills it in with a correct table
     structure using one of the TABLE_SHARE::init_from_* methods.

     Returns HA_ERR_NO_SUCH_TABLE if the table did not exist in the engine,
     zero if the table was discovered successfully, or any other
     HA_ERR_* error code as appropriate if the table existed, but the
     discovery failed.
   */
   int (*discover_table)(handlerton *hton, THD* thd, TABLE_SHARE *share);

   /*
     The discover_table_names method tells the server
     about all tables in the specified database that the engine
     knows about. Tables (or file names of tables) are added to
     the provided discovered_list collector object using
     add_table() or add_file() methods.
   */
   class discovered_list
   {
     public:
     virtual bool add_table(const char *tname, size_t tlen) = 0;
     virtual bool add_file(const char *fname) = 0;
     protected: virtual ~discovered_list() {}
   };

   /*
     By default (if not implemented by the engine, but the discovery_table() is
     implemented) it will perform a file-based discovery:

     - if tablefile_extensions[0] is not null, this will discovers all tables
       with the tablefile_extensions[0] extension.

     Returns 0 on success and 1 on error.
   */
   int (*discover_table_names)(handlerton *hton, LEX_STRING *db, MY_DIR *dir,
                               discovered_list *result);

   /*
     This is a method that allows to server to check if a table exists without
     an overhead of the complete discovery.

     By default (if not implemented by the engine, but the discovery_table() is
     implemented) it will try to perform a file-based discovery:

     - if tablefile_extensions[0] is not null this will look for a file name
       with the tablefile_extensions[0] extension.

     - if tablefile_extensions[0] is null, this will resort to discover_table().

     Note that resorting to discover_table() is slow and the engine
     should probably implement its own discover_table_existence() method,
     if its tablefile_extensions[0] is null.

     Returns 1 if the table exists and 0 if it does not.
   */
   int (*discover_table_existence)(handlerton *hton, const char *db,
                                   const char *table_name);

   /*
     This is the assisted table discovery method. Unlike the fully
     automatic discovery as above, here a user is expected to issue an
     explicit CREATE TABLE with the appropriate table attributes to
     "assist" the discovery of a table. But this "discovering" CREATE TABLE
     statement will not specify the table structure - the engine discovers
     it using this method. For example, FederatedX uses it in

      CREATE TABLE t1 ENGINE=FEDERATED CONNECTION="mysql://foo/bar/t1";

     Given a TABLE_SHARE discover_table_structure() fills it in with a correct
     table structure using one of the TABLE_SHARE::init_from_* methods.

     Assisted discovery works independently from the automatic discover.
     An engine is allowed to support only assisted discovery and not
     support automatic one. Or vice versa.
   */
   int (*discover_table_structure)(handlerton *hton, THD* thd,
                                   TABLE_SHARE *share, HA_CREATE_INFO *info);
};


static inline LEX_STRING *hton_name(const handlerton *hton)
{
  return &(hton2plugin[hton->slot]->name);
}

static inline sys_var *find_hton_sysvar(handlerton *hton, st_mysql_sys_var *var)
{
  return find_plugin_sysvar(hton2plugin[hton->slot], var);
}


/* Possible flags of a handlerton (there can be 32 of them) */
#define HTON_NO_FLAGS                 0
#define HTON_CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT (1 << 0)
#define HTON_ALTER_NOT_SUPPORTED     (1 << 1) //Engine does not support alter
#define HTON_CAN_RECREATE            (1 << 2) //Delete all is used for truncate
#define HTON_HIDDEN                  (1 << 3) //Engine does not appear in lists
#define HTON_NOT_USER_SELECTABLE     (1 << 5)
#define HTON_TEMPORARY_NOT_SUPPORTED (1 << 6) //Having temporary tables not supported
#define HTON_SUPPORT_LOG_TABLES      (1 << 7) //Engine supports log tables
#define HTON_NO_PARTITION            (1 << 8) //Not partition of these tables

/*
  This flag should be set when deciding that the engine does not allow
  row based binary logging (RBL) optimizations.

  Currently, setting this flag, means that table's read/write_set will
  be left untouched when logging changes to tables in this engine. In
  practice this means that the server will not mess around with
  table->write_set and/or table->read_set when using RBL and deciding
  whether to log full or minimal rows.

  It's valuable for instance for virtual tables, eg: Performance
  Schema which have no meaning for replication.
*/
#define HTON_NO_BINLOG_ROW_OPT       (1 << 9)

class Ha_trx_info;

struct THD_TRANS
{
  /* true is not all entries in the ht[] support 2pc */
  bool        no_2pc;
  /* storage engines that registered in this transaction */
  Ha_trx_info *ha_list;
  /* 
    The purpose of this flag is to keep track of non-transactional
    tables that were modified in scope of:
    - transaction, when the variable is a member of
    THD::transaction.all
    - top-level statement or sub-statement, when the variable is a
    member of THD::transaction.stmt
    This member has the following life cycle:
    * stmt.modified_non_trans_table is used to keep track of
    modified non-transactional tables of top-level statements. At
    the end of the previous statement and at the beginning of the session,
    it is reset to FALSE.  If such functions
    as mysql_insert, mysql_update, mysql_delete etc modify a
    non-transactional table, they set this flag to TRUE.  At the
    end of the statement, the value of stmt.modified_non_trans_table 
    is merged with all.modified_non_trans_table and gets reset.
    * all.modified_non_trans_table is reset at the end of transaction
    
    * Since we do not have a dedicated context for execution of a
    sub-statement, to keep track of non-transactional changes in a
    sub-statement, we re-use stmt.modified_non_trans_table. 
    At entrance into a sub-statement, a copy of the value of
    stmt.modified_non_trans_table (containing the changes of the
    outer statement) is saved on stack. Then 
    stmt.modified_non_trans_table is reset to FALSE and the
    substatement is executed. Then the new value is merged with the
    saved value.
  */
  bool modified_non_trans_table;

  void reset() { no_2pc= FALSE; modified_non_trans_table= FALSE; }
  bool is_empty() const { return ha_list == NULL; }
  THD_TRANS() {}                        /* Remove gcc warning */
};


/**
  Either statement transaction or normal transaction - related
  thread-specific storage engine data.

  If a storage engine participates in a statement/transaction,
  an instance of this class is present in
  thd->transaction.{stmt|all}.ha_list. The addition to
  {stmt|all}.ha_list is made by trans_register_ha().

  When it's time to commit or rollback, each element of ha_list
  is used to access storage engine's prepare()/commit()/rollback()
  methods, and also to evaluate if a full two phase commit is
  necessary.

  @sa General description of transaction handling in handler.cc.
*/

class Ha_trx_info
{
public:
  /** Register this storage engine in the given transaction context. */
  void register_ha(THD_TRANS *trans, handlerton *ht_arg)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(m_flags == 0);
    DBUG_ASSERT(m_ht == NULL);
    DBUG_ASSERT(m_next == NULL);

    m_ht= ht_arg;
    m_flags= (int) TRX_READ_ONLY; /* Assume read-only at start. */

    m_next= trans->ha_list;
    trans->ha_list= this;
  }

  /** Clear, prepare for reuse. */
  void reset()
  {
    m_next= NULL;
    m_ht= NULL;
    m_flags= 0;
  }

  Ha_trx_info() { reset(); }

  void set_trx_read_write()
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(is_started());
    m_flags|= (int) TRX_READ_WRITE;
  }
  bool is_trx_read_write() const
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(is_started());
    return m_flags & (int) TRX_READ_WRITE;
  }
  bool is_started() const { return m_ht != NULL; }
  /** Mark this transaction read-write if the argument is read-write. */
  void coalesce_trx_with(const Ha_trx_info *stmt_trx)
  {
    /*
      Must be called only after the transaction has been started.
      Can be called many times, e.g. when we have many
      read-write statements in a transaction.
    */
    DBUG_ASSERT(is_started());
    if (stmt_trx->is_trx_read_write())
      set_trx_read_write();
  }
  Ha_trx_info *next() const
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(is_started());
    return m_next;
  }
  handlerton *ht() const
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(is_started());
    return m_ht;
  }
private:
  enum { TRX_READ_ONLY= 0, TRX_READ_WRITE= 1 };
  /** Auxiliary, used for ha_list management */
  Ha_trx_info *m_next;
  /**
    Although a given Ha_trx_info instance is currently always used
    for the same storage engine, 'ht' is not-NULL only when the
    corresponding storage is a part of a transaction.
  */
  handlerton *m_ht;
  /**
    Transaction flags related to this engine.
    Not-null only if this instance is a part of transaction.
    May assume a combination of enum values above.
  */
  uchar       m_flags;
};


enum enum_tx_isolation { ISO_READ_UNCOMMITTED, ISO_READ_COMMITTED,
			 ISO_REPEATABLE_READ, ISO_SERIALIZABLE};


typedef struct {
  ulonglong data_file_length;
  ulonglong max_data_file_length;
  ulonglong index_file_length;
  ulonglong delete_length;
  ha_rows records;
  ulong mean_rec_length;
  time_t create_time;
  time_t check_time;
  time_t update_time;
  ulonglong check_sum;
} PARTITION_STATS;

#define UNDEF_NODEGROUP 65535
class Item;
struct st_table_log_memory_entry;

class partition_info;

struct st_partition_iter;
#define NOT_A_PARTITION_ID ((uint32)-1)

enum ha_choice { HA_CHOICE_UNDEF, HA_CHOICE_NO, HA_CHOICE_YES };

struct HA_CREATE_INFO
{
  CHARSET_INFO *table_charset, *default_table_charset;
  LEX_CUSTRING tabledef_version;
  LEX_STRING connect_string;
  const char *password, *tablespace;
  LEX_STRING comment;
  const char *data_file_name, *index_file_name;
  const char *alias;
  ulonglong max_rows,min_rows;
  ulonglong auto_increment_value;
  ulong table_options;                  ///< HA_OPTION_ values
  ulong avg_row_length;
  ulong used_fields;
  ulong key_block_size;
  SQL_I_List<TABLE_LIST> merge_list;
  handlerton *db_type;
  /**
    Row type of the table definition.

    Defaults to ROW_TYPE_DEFAULT for all non-ALTER statements.
    For ALTER TABLE defaults to ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED (means "keep the current").

    Can be changed either explicitly by the parser.
    If nothing speficied inherits the value of the original table (if present).
  */
  enum row_type row_type;
  uint null_bits;                       /* NULL bits at start of record */
  uint options;				/* OR of HA_CREATE_ options */
  uint merge_insert_method;
  uint extra_size;                      /* length of extra data segment */
  enum ha_choice transactional;
  bool varchar;                         ///< 1 if table has a VARCHAR
  enum ha_storage_media storage_media;  ///< DEFAULT, DISK or MEMORY
  enum ha_choice page_checksum;         ///< If we have page_checksums
  engine_option_value *option_list;     ///< list of table create options

  /* the following three are only for ALTER TABLE, check_if_incompatible_data() */
  ha_table_option_struct *option_struct;           ///< structure with parsed table options
  ha_field_option_struct **fields_option_struct;   ///< array of field option structures
  ha_index_option_struct **indexes_option_struct;  ///< array of index option structures

  bool tmp_table() { return options & HA_LEX_CREATE_TMP_TABLE; }
};


typedef struct st_key_create_information
{
  enum ha_key_alg algorithm;
  ulong block_size;
  LEX_STRING parser_name;
  LEX_STRING comment;
} KEY_CREATE_INFO;


/*
  Class for maintaining hooks used inside operations on tables such
  as: create table functions, delete table functions, and alter table
  functions.

  Class is using the Template Method pattern to separate the public
  usage interface from the private inheritance interface.  This
  imposes no overhead, since the public non-virtual function is small
  enough to be inlined.

  The hooks are usually used for functions that does several things,
  e.g., create_table_from_items(), which both create a table and lock
  it.
 */
class TABLEOP_HOOKS
{
public:
  TABLEOP_HOOKS() {}
  virtual ~TABLEOP_HOOKS() {}

  inline void prelock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    do_prelock(tables, count);
  }

  inline int postlock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    return do_postlock(tables, count);
  }
private:
  /* Function primitive that is called prior to locking tables */
  virtual void do_prelock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    /* Default is to do nothing */
  }

  /**
     Primitive called after tables are locked.

     If an error is returned, the tables will be unlocked and error
     handling start.

     @return Error code or zero.
   */
  virtual int do_postlock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    return 0;                           /* Default is to do nothing */
  }
};

typedef struct st_savepoint SAVEPOINT;
extern ulong savepoint_alloc_size;
extern KEY_CREATE_INFO default_key_create_info;

/* Forward declaration for condition pushdown to storage engine */
typedef class Item COND;

typedef struct st_ha_check_opt
{
  st_ha_check_opt() {}                        /* Remove gcc warning */
  uint flags;       /* isam layer flags (e.g. for myisamchk) */
  uint sql_flags;   /* sql layer flags - for something myisamchk cannot do */
  time_t start_time;   /* When check/repair starts */
  KEY_CACHE *key_cache; /* new key cache when changing key cache */
  void init();
} HA_CHECK_OPT;


/********************************************************************************
 * MRR
 ********************************************************************************/

typedef void *range_seq_t;

typedef struct st_range_seq_if
{
  /*
    Get key information
 
    SYNOPSIS
      get_key_info()
        init_params  The seq_init_param parameter 
        length       OUT length of the keys in this range sequence
        map          OUT key_part_map of the keys in this range sequence

    DESCRIPTION
      This function is set only when using HA_MRR_FIXED_KEY mode. In that mode, 
      all ranges are single-point equality ranges that use the same set of key
      parts. This function allows the MRR implementation to get the length of
      a key, and which keyparts it uses.
  */
  void (*get_key_info)(void *init_params, uint *length, key_part_map *map);

  /*
    Initialize the traversal of range sequence
    
    SYNOPSIS
      init()
        init_params  The seq_init_param parameter 
        n_ranges     The number of ranges obtained 
        flags        A combination of HA_MRR_SINGLE_POINT, HA_MRR_FIXED_KEY

    RETURN
      An opaque value to be used as RANGE_SEQ_IF::next() parameter
  */
  range_seq_t (*init)(void *init_params, uint n_ranges, uint flags);


  /*
    Get the next range in the range sequence

    SYNOPSIS
      next()
        seq    The value returned by RANGE_SEQ_IF::init()
        range  OUT Information about the next range
    
    RETURN
      FALSE - Ok, the range structure filled with info about the next range
      TRUE  - No more ranges
  */
  bool (*next) (range_seq_t seq, KEY_MULTI_RANGE *range);

  /*
    Check whether range_info orders to skip the next record

    SYNOPSIS
      skip_record()
        seq         The value returned by RANGE_SEQ_IF::init()
        range_info  Information about the next range 
                    (Ignored if MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION is set)
        rowid       Rowid of the record to be checked (ignored if set to 0)
    
    RETURN
      1 - Record with this range_info and/or this rowid shall be filtered
          out from the stream of records returned by multi_range_read_next()
      0 - The record shall be left in the stream
  */ 
  bool (*skip_record) (range_seq_t seq, range_id_t range_info, uchar *rowid);

  /*
    Check if the record combination matches the index condition
    SYNOPSIS
      skip_index_tuple()
        seq         The value returned by RANGE_SEQ_IF::init()
        range_info  Information about the next range 
    
    RETURN
      0 - The record combination satisfies the index condition
      1 - Otherwise
  */ 
  bool (*skip_index_tuple) (range_seq_t seq, range_id_t range_info);
} RANGE_SEQ_IF;

typedef bool (*SKIP_INDEX_TUPLE_FUNC) (range_seq_t seq, range_id_t range_info);

class Cost_estimate
{ 
public:
  double io_count;     /* number of I/O                 */
  double avg_io_cost;  /* cost of an average I/O oper.  */
  double cpu_cost;     /* cost of operations in CPU     */
  double import_cost;  /* cost of remote operations     */
  double mem_cost;     /* cost of used memory           */ 
  
  enum { IO_COEFF=1 };
  enum { CPU_COEFF=1 };
  enum { MEM_COEFF=1 };
  enum { IMPORT_COEFF=1 };

  Cost_estimate()
  {
    reset();
  }

  double total_cost() 
  {
    return IO_COEFF*io_count*avg_io_cost + CPU_COEFF * cpu_cost +
           MEM_COEFF*mem_cost + IMPORT_COEFF*import_cost;
  }

  /**
    Whether or not all costs in the object are zero
    
    @return true if all costs are zero, false otherwise
  */
  bool is_zero() const
  { 
    return !(io_count || cpu_cost || import_cost || mem_cost);
  }

  void reset()
  {
    avg_io_cost= 1.0;
    io_count= cpu_cost= mem_cost= import_cost= 0.0;
  }

  void multiply(double m)
  {
    io_count *= m;
    cpu_cost *= m;
    import_cost *= m;
    /* Don't multiply mem_cost */
  }

  void add(const Cost_estimate* cost)
  {
    double io_count_sum= io_count + cost->io_count;
    add_io(cost->io_count, cost->avg_io_cost);
    io_count= io_count_sum;
    cpu_cost += cost->cpu_cost;
  }

  void add_io(double add_io_cnt, double add_avg_cost)
  {
    /* In edge cases add_io_cnt may be zero */
    if (add_io_cnt > 0)
    {
      double io_count_sum= io_count + add_io_cnt;
      avg_io_cost= (io_count * avg_io_cost + 
                    add_io_cnt * add_avg_cost) / io_count_sum;
      io_count= io_count_sum;
    }
  }

  /// Add to CPU cost
  void add_cpu(double add_cpu_cost) { cpu_cost+= add_cpu_cost; }

  /// Add to import cost
  void add_import(double add_import_cost) { import_cost+= add_import_cost; }

  /// Add to memory cost
  void add_mem(double add_mem_cost) { mem_cost+= add_mem_cost; }

  /*
    To be used when we go from old single value-based cost calculations to
    the new Cost_estimate-based.
  */
  void convert_from_cost(double cost)
  {
    reset();
    io_count= cost;
  }
};

void get_sweep_read_cost(TABLE *table, ha_rows nrows, bool interrupted, 
                         Cost_estimate *cost);

/*
  Indicates that all scanned ranges will be singlepoint (aka equality) ranges.
  The ranges may not use the full key but all of them will use the same number
  of key parts.
*/
#define HA_MRR_SINGLE_POINT 1
#define HA_MRR_FIXED_KEY  2

/* 
  Indicates that RANGE_SEQ_IF::next(&range) doesn't need to fill in the
  'range' parameter.
*/
#define HA_MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION 4

/* 
  The MRR user will provide ranges in key order, and MRR implementation
  must return rows in key order.
*/
#define HA_MRR_SORTED 8

/* MRR implementation doesn't have to retrieve full records */
#define HA_MRR_INDEX_ONLY 16

/* 
  The passed memory buffer is of maximum possible size, the caller can't
  assume larger buffer.
*/
#define HA_MRR_LIMITS 32


/*
  Flag set <=> default MRR implementation is used
  (The choice is made by **_info[_const]() function which may set this
   flag. SQL layer remembers the flag value and then passes it to
   multi_read_range_init().
*/
#define HA_MRR_USE_DEFAULT_IMPL 64

/*
  Used only as parameter to multi_range_read_info():
  Flag set <=> the caller guarantees that the bounds of the scanned ranges
  will not have NULL values.
*/
#define HA_MRR_NO_NULL_ENDPOINTS 128

/*
  The MRR user has materialized range keys somewhere in the user's buffer.
  This can be used for optimization of the procedure that sorts these keys
  since in this case key values don't have to be copied into the MRR buffer.

  In other words, it is guaranteed that after RANGE_SEQ_IF::next() call the 
  pointer in range->start_key.key will point to a key value that will remain 
  there until the end of the MRR scan.
*/
#define HA_MRR_MATERIALIZED_KEYS 256

/*
  The following bits are reserved for use by MRR implementation. The intended
  use scenario:

  * sql layer calls handler->multi_range_read_info[_const]() 
    - MRR implementation figures out what kind of scan it will perform, saves
      the result in *mrr_mode parameter.
  * sql layer remembers what was returned in *mrr_mode

  * the optimizer picks the query plan (which may or may not include the MRR 
    scan that was estimated by the multi_range_read_info[_const] call)

  * if the query is an EXPLAIN statement, sql layer will call 
    handler->multi_range_read_explain_info(mrr_mode) to get a text description
    of the picked MRR scan; the description will be a part of EXPLAIN output.
*/
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG1 512
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG2 1024
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG3 2048
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG4 4096
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG5 8192
#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAG6 16384

#define HA_MRR_IMPLEMENTATION_FLAGS \
  (512 | 1024 | 2048 | 4096 | 8192 | 16384)

/*
  This is a buffer area that the handler can use to store rows.
  'end_of_used_area' should be kept updated after calls to
  read-functions so that other parts of the code can use the
  remaining area (until next read calls is issued).
*/

typedef struct st_handler_buffer
{
  /* const? */uchar *buffer;         /* Buffer one can start using */
  /* const? */uchar *buffer_end;     /* End of buffer */
  uchar *end_of_used_area;     /* End of area that was used by handler */
} HANDLER_BUFFER;

typedef struct system_status_var SSV;

class ha_statistics
{
public:
  ulonglong data_file_length;		/* Length off data file */
  ulonglong max_data_file_length;	/* Length off data file */
  ulonglong index_file_length;
  ulonglong max_index_file_length;
  ulonglong delete_length;		/* Free bytes */
  ulonglong auto_increment_value;
  /*
    The number of records in the table. 
      0    - means the table has exactly 0 rows
    other  - if (table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)
               the value is the exact number of records in the table
             else
               it is an estimate
  */
  ha_rows records;
  ha_rows deleted;			/* Deleted records */
  ulong mean_rec_length;		/* physical reclength */
  time_t create_time;			/* When table was created */
  time_t check_time;
  time_t update_time;
  uint block_size;			/* index block size */

  /*
    number of buffer bytes that native mrr implementation needs,
  */
  uint mrr_length_per_rec; 

  ha_statistics():
    data_file_length(0), max_data_file_length(0),
    index_file_length(0), delete_length(0), auto_increment_value(0),
    records(0), deleted(0), mean_rec_length(0), create_time(0),
    check_time(0), update_time(0), block_size(0), mrr_length_per_rec(0)
  {}
};

extern "C" enum icp_result handler_index_cond_check(void* h_arg);

uint calculate_key_len(TABLE *, uint, const uchar *, key_part_map);
/*
  bitmap with first N+1 bits set
  (keypart_map for a key prefix of [0..N] keyparts)
*/
#define make_keypart_map(N) (((key_part_map)2 << (N)) - 1)
/*
  bitmap with first N bits set
  (keypart_map for a key prefix of [0..N-1] keyparts)
*/
#define make_prev_keypart_map(N) (((key_part_map)1 << (N)) - 1)


/**
  Index creation context.
  Created by handler::add_index() and destroyed by handler::final_add_index().
  And finally freed at the end of the statement.
  (Sql_alloc does not free in delete).
*/

class handler_add_index : public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  /* Table where the indexes are added */
  TABLE* const table;
  /* Indexes being created */
  KEY* const key_info;
  /* Size of key_info[] */
  const uint num_of_keys;
  handler_add_index(TABLE *table_arg, KEY *key_info_arg, uint num_of_keys_arg)
    : table (table_arg), key_info (key_info_arg), num_of_keys (num_of_keys_arg)
  {}
  virtual ~handler_add_index() {}
};

class Query_cache;
struct Query_cache_block_table;
/**
  The handler class is the interface for dynamically loadable
  storage engines. Do not add ifdefs and take care when adding or
  changing virtual functions to avoid vtable confusion
*/

class handler :public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  typedef ulonglong Table_flags;
protected:
  TABLE_SHARE *table_share;   /* The table definition */
  TABLE *table;               /* The current open table */
  Table_flags cached_table_flags;       /* Set on init() and open() */

  ha_rows estimation_rows_to_insert;
public:
  handlerton *ht;                 /* storage engine of this handler */
  uchar *ref;				/* Pointer to current row */
  uchar *dup_ref;			/* Pointer to duplicate row */

  ha_statistics stats;

  /** MultiRangeRead-related members: */
  range_seq_t mrr_iter;    /* Interator to traverse the range sequence */
  RANGE_SEQ_IF mrr_funcs;  /* Range sequence traversal functions */
  HANDLER_BUFFER *multi_range_buffer; /* MRR buffer info */
  uint ranges_in_seq; /* Total number of ranges in the traversed sequence */
  /* TRUE <=> source MRR ranges and the output are ordered */
  bool mrr_is_output_sorted;

  /** TRUE <=> we're currently traversing a range in mrr_cur_range. */
  bool mrr_have_range;
  /** Current range (the one we're now returning rows from) */
  KEY_MULTI_RANGE mrr_cur_range;

  /** The following are for read_range() */
  key_range save_end_range, *end_range;
  KEY_PART_INFO *range_key_part;
  int key_compare_result_on_equal;
  bool eq_range;
  bool internal_tmp_table;                      /* If internal tmp table */

  uint errkey;				/* Last dup key */
  uint key_used_on_scan;
  uint active_index;
  /* 
    TRUE <=> the engine guarantees that returned records are within the range
    being scanned.
  */
  bool in_range_check_pushed_down;

  /** Length of ref (1-8 or the clustered key length) */
  uint ref_length;
  FT_INFO *ft_handler;
  enum {NONE=0, INDEX, RND} inited;
  bool locked;
  bool implicit_emptied;                /* Can be !=0 only if HEAP */
  bool mark_trx_done;
  const COND *pushed_cond;
  /**
    next_insert_id is the next value which should be inserted into the
    auto_increment column: in a inserting-multi-row statement (like INSERT
    SELECT), for the first row where the autoinc value is not specified by the
    statement, get_auto_increment() called and asked to generate a value,
    next_insert_id is set to the next value, then for all other rows
    next_insert_id is used (and increased each time) without calling
    get_auto_increment().
  */
  ulonglong next_insert_id;
  /**
    insert id for the current row (*autogenerated*; if not
    autogenerated, it's 0).
    At first successful insertion, this variable is stored into
    THD::first_successful_insert_id_in_cur_stmt.
  */
  ulonglong insert_id_for_cur_row;
  /**
    Interval returned by get_auto_increment() and being consumed by the
    inserter.
  */
  /* Statistics  variables */
  ulonglong rows_read;
  ulonglong rows_tmp_read;
  ulonglong rows_changed;
  /* One bigger than needed to avoid to test if key == MAX_KEY */
  ulonglong index_rows_read[MAX_KEY+1];

  Item *pushed_idx_cond;
  uint pushed_idx_cond_keyno;  /* The index which the above condition is for */

  Discrete_interval auto_inc_interval_for_cur_row;
  /**
     Number of reserved auto-increment intervals. Serves as a heuristic
     when we have no estimation of how many records the statement will insert:
     the more intervals we have reserved, the bigger the next one. Reset in
     handler::ha_release_auto_increment().
  */
  uint auto_inc_intervals_count;

  /**
    Instrumented table associated with this handler.
    This member should be set to NULL when no instrumentation is in place,
    so that linking an instrumented/non instrumented server/plugin works.
    For example:
    - the server is compiled with the instrumentation.
    The server expects either NULL or valid pointers in m_psi.
    - an engine plugin is compiled without instrumentation.
    The plugin can not leave this pointer uninitialized,
    or can not leave a trash value on purpose in this pointer,
    as this would crash the server.
  */
  PSI_table *m_psi;

  virtual void unbind_psi();
  virtual void rebind_psi();

  handler(handlerton *ht_arg, TABLE_SHARE *share_arg)
    :table_share(share_arg), table(0),
    estimation_rows_to_insert(0), ht(ht_arg),
    ref(0), end_range(NULL), key_used_on_scan(MAX_KEY), active_index(MAX_KEY),
    in_range_check_pushed_down(FALSE),
    ref_length(sizeof(my_off_t)),
    ft_handler(0), inited(NONE),
    locked(FALSE), implicit_emptied(0), mark_trx_done(FALSE),
    pushed_cond(0), next_insert_id(0), insert_id_for_cur_row(0),
    pushed_idx_cond(NULL),
    pushed_idx_cond_keyno(MAX_KEY),
    auto_inc_intervals_count(0),
    m_psi(NULL)
  {
    reset_statistics();
  }
  virtual ~handler(void)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(locked == FALSE);
    DBUG_ASSERT(inited == NONE);
  }
  virtual handler *clone(const char *name, MEM_ROOT *mem_root);
  /** This is called after create to allow us to set up cached variables */
  void init()
  {
    cached_table_flags= table_flags();
  }
  /* ha_ methods: pubilc wrappers for private virtual API */
  
  int ha_open(TABLE *table, const char *name, int mode, uint test_if_locked);
  int ha_index_init(uint idx, bool sorted)
  {
    DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ha_index_init_fail", return HA_ERR_TABLE_DEF_CHANGED;);
    int result;
    DBUG_ENTER("ha_index_init");
    DBUG_ASSERT(inited==NONE);
    if (!(result= index_init(idx, sorted)))
    {
      inited=       INDEX;
      active_index= idx;
      end_range= NULL;
    }
    DBUG_RETURN(result);
  }
  int ha_index_end()
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("ha_index_end");
    DBUG_ASSERT(inited==INDEX);
    inited=       NONE;
    active_index= MAX_KEY;
    end_range=    NULL;
    DBUG_RETURN(index_end());
  }
  /* This is called after index_init() if we need to do a index scan */
  virtual int prepare_index_scan() { return 0; }
  int ha_rnd_init(bool scan) __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
  {
    DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("ha_rnd_init_fail", return HA_ERR_TABLE_DEF_CHANGED;);
    int result;
    DBUG_ENTER("ha_rnd_init");
    DBUG_ASSERT(inited==NONE || (inited==RND && scan));
    inited= (result= rnd_init(scan)) ? NONE: RND;
    end_range= NULL;
    DBUG_RETURN(result);
  }
  int ha_rnd_end()
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("ha_rnd_end");
    DBUG_ASSERT(inited==RND);
    inited=NONE;
    end_range= NULL;
    DBUG_RETURN(rnd_end());
  }
  int ha_rnd_init_with_error(bool scan) __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result));
  int ha_reset();
  /* Tell handler (not storage engine) this is start of a new statement */
  void ha_start_of_new_statement()
  {
    ft_handler= 0;
    mark_trx_done= FALSE;
  }

  /* this is necessary in many places, e.g. in HANDLER command */
  int ha_index_or_rnd_end()
  {
    return inited == INDEX ? ha_index_end() : inited == RND ? ha_rnd_end() : 0;
  }
  /**
    The cached_table_flags is set at ha_open and ha_external_lock
  */
  Table_flags ha_table_flags() const { return cached_table_flags; }
  /**
    These functions represent the public interface to *users* of the
    handler class, hence they are *not* virtual. For the inheritance
    interface, see the (private) functions write_row(), update_row(),
    and delete_row() below.
  */
  int ha_external_lock(THD *thd, int lock_type);
  int ha_write_row(uchar * buf);
  int ha_update_row(const uchar * old_data, uchar * new_data);
  int ha_delete_row(const uchar * buf);
  void ha_release_auto_increment();

  int check_collation_compatibility();
  int ha_check_for_upgrade(HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt);
  /** to be actually called to get 'check()' functionality*/
  int ha_check(THD *thd, HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt);
  int ha_repair(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  void ha_start_bulk_insert(ha_rows rows, uint flags= 0)
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("handler::ha_start_bulk_insert");
    estimation_rows_to_insert= rows;
    start_bulk_insert(rows, flags);
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  }
  int ha_end_bulk_insert()
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("handler::ha_end_bulk_insert");
    estimation_rows_to_insert= 0;
    int ret= end_bulk_insert();
    DBUG_RETURN(ret);
  }
  int ha_bulk_update_row(const uchar *old_data, uchar *new_data,
                         uint *dup_key_found);
  int ha_delete_all_rows();
  int ha_truncate();
  int ha_reset_auto_increment(ulonglong value);
  int ha_optimize(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  int ha_analyze(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  bool ha_check_and_repair(THD *thd);
  int ha_disable_indexes(uint mode);
  int ha_enable_indexes(uint mode);
  int ha_discard_or_import_tablespace(my_bool discard);
  void ha_prepare_for_alter();
  int ha_rename_table(const char *from, const char *to);
  int ha_delete_table(const char *name);
  void ha_drop_table(const char *name);

  int ha_create(const char *name, TABLE *form, HA_CREATE_INFO *info);

  int ha_create_partitioning_metadata(const char *name, const char *old_name,
                                      int action_flag);

  int ha_change_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
                           const char *path,
                           ulonglong * const copied,
                           ulonglong * const deleted,
                           const uchar *pack_frm_data,
                           size_t pack_frm_len);
  int ha_drop_partitions(const char *path);
  int ha_rename_partitions(const char *path);

  void adjust_next_insert_id_after_explicit_value(ulonglong nr);
  int update_auto_increment();
  void print_keydup_error(uint key_nr, const char *msg, myf errflag);
  virtual void print_error(int error, myf errflag);
  virtual bool get_error_message(int error, String *buf);
  uint get_dup_key(int error);
  /**
    Retrieves the names of the table and the key for which there was a
    duplicate entry in the case of HA_ERR_FOREIGN_DUPLICATE_KEY.

    If any of the table or key name is not available this method will return
    false and will not change any of child_table_name or child_key_name.

    @param child_table_name[out]    Table name
    @param child_table_name_len[in] Table name buffer size
    @param child_key_name[out]      Key name
    @param child_key_name_len[in]   Key name buffer size

    @retval  true                  table and key names were available
                                   and were written into the corresponding
                                   out parameters.
    @retval  false                 table and key names were not available,
                                   the out parameters were not touched.
  */
  virtual bool get_foreign_dup_key(char *child_table_name,
                                   uint child_table_name_len,
                                   char *child_key_name,
                                   uint child_key_name_len)
  { DBUG_ASSERT(false); return(false); }
  void reset_statistics()
  {
    rows_read= rows_changed= rows_tmp_read= 0;
    bzero(index_rows_read, sizeof(index_rows_read));
  }
  virtual void change_table_ptr(TABLE *table_arg, TABLE_SHARE *share)
  {
    table= table_arg;
    table_share= share;
    reset_statistics();
  }
  virtual double scan_time()
  { return ulonglong2double(stats.data_file_length) / IO_SIZE + 2; }
  virtual double read_time(uint index, uint ranges, ha_rows rows)
  { return rows2double(ranges+rows); }

  /**
    Calculate cost of 'keyread' scan for given index and number of records.

     @param index    index to read
     @param ranges   #of ranges to read
     @param rows     #of records to read
  */
  virtual double keyread_time(uint index, uint ranges, ha_rows rows);

  virtual const key_map *keys_to_use_for_scanning() { return &key_map_empty; }
  bool has_transactions()
  { return (ha_table_flags() & HA_NO_TRANSACTIONS) == 0; }
  virtual uint extra_rec_buf_length() const { return 0; }

  /**
    This method is used to analyse the error to see whether the error
    is ignorable or not, certain handlers can have more error that are
    ignorable than others. E.g. the partition handler can get inserts
    into a range where there is no partition and this is an ignorable
    error.
    HA_ERR_FOUND_DUP_UNIQUE is a special case in MyISAM that means the
    same thing as HA_ERR_FOUND_DUP_KEY but can in some cases lead to
    a slightly different error message.
  */
  virtual bool is_fatal_error(int error, uint flags)
  {
    if (!error ||
        ((flags & HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY) &&
         (error == HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY ||
          error == HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_UNIQUE)) ||
        error == HA_ERR_AUTOINC_ERANGE)
      return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
  }

  /**
    Number of rows in table. It will only be called if
    (table_flags() & (HA_HAS_RECORDS | HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)) != 0
  */
  virtual ha_rows records() { return stats.records; }
  /**
    Return upper bound of current number of records in the table
    (max. of how many records one will retrieve when doing a full table scan)
    If upper bound is not known, HA_POS_ERROR should be returned as a max
    possible upper bound.
  */
  virtual ha_rows estimate_rows_upper_bound()
  { return stats.records+EXTRA_RECORDS; }

  /**
    Get the row type from the storage engine.  If this method returns
    ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED, the information in HA_CREATE_INFO should be used.
  */
  virtual enum row_type get_row_type() const { return ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED; }

  virtual const char *index_type(uint key_number) { DBUG_ASSERT(0); return "";}


  /**
    Signal that the table->read_set and table->write_set table maps changed
    The handler is allowed to set additional bits in the above map in this
    call. Normally the handler should ignore all calls until we have done
    a ha_rnd_init() or ha_index_init(), write_row(), update_row or delete_row()
    as there may be several calls to this routine.
  */
  virtual void column_bitmaps_signal();
  /*
    We have to check for inited as some engines, like innodb, sets
    active_index during table scan.
  */
  uint get_index(void) const
  { return inited == INDEX ? active_index : MAX_KEY; }
  int ha_close(void);

  /**
    @retval  0   Bulk update used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk update not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual bool start_bulk_update() { return 1; }
  /**
    @retval  0   Bulk delete used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk delete not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual bool start_bulk_delete() { return 1; }
  /**
    After this call all outstanding updates must be performed. The number
    of duplicate key errors are reported in the duplicate key parameter.
    It is allowed to continue to the batched update after this call, the
    handler has to wait until end_bulk_update with changing state.

    @param    dup_key_found       Number of duplicate keys found

    @retval  0           Success
    @retval  >0          Error code
  */
  virtual int exec_bulk_update(uint *dup_key_found)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(FALSE);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    Perform any needed clean-up, no outstanding updates are there at the
    moment.
  */
  virtual void end_bulk_update() { return; }
  /**
    Execute all outstanding deletes and close down the bulk delete.

    @retval 0             Success
    @retval >0            Error code
  */
  virtual int end_bulk_delete()
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(FALSE);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
     @brief
     Positions an index cursor to the index specified in the
     handle. Fetches the row if available. If the key value is null,
     begin at the first key of the index.
  */
protected:
  virtual int index_read_map(uchar * buf, const uchar * key,
                             key_part_map keypart_map,
                             enum ha_rkey_function find_flag)
  {
    uint key_len= calculate_key_len(table, active_index, key, keypart_map);
    return index_read(buf, key, key_len, find_flag);
  }
  /**
     @brief
     Positions an index cursor to the index specified in the
     handle. Fetches the row if available. If the key value is null,
     begin at the first key of the index.
  */
  virtual int index_read_idx_map(uchar * buf, uint index, const uchar * key,
                                 key_part_map keypart_map,
                                 enum ha_rkey_function find_flag);
  virtual int index_next(uchar * buf)
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_prev(uchar * buf)
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_first(uchar * buf)
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_last(uchar * buf)
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_next_same(uchar *buf, const uchar *key, uint keylen);
  virtual int close(void)=0;
  inline void update_rows_read()
  {
    if (likely(!internal_tmp_table))
      rows_read++;
    else
      rows_tmp_read++;
  }
  inline void update_index_statistics()
  {
    index_rows_read[active_index]++;
    update_rows_read();
  }
public:

  int ha_index_read_map(uchar * buf, const uchar * key,
                        key_part_map keypart_map,
                        enum ha_rkey_function find_flag);
  int ha_index_read_idx_map(uchar * buf, uint index, const uchar * key,
                            key_part_map keypart_map,
                            enum ha_rkey_function find_flag);
  int ha_index_next(uchar * buf);
  int ha_index_prev(uchar * buf);
  int ha_index_first(uchar * buf);
  int ha_index_last(uchar * buf);
  int ha_index_next_same(uchar *buf, const uchar *key, uint keylen);
  /*
    TODO: should we make for those functions non-virtual ha_func_name wrappers,
    too?
  */
  virtual ha_rows multi_range_read_info_const(uint keyno, RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq,
                                              void *seq_init_param, 
                                              uint n_ranges, uint *bufsz,
                                              uint *mrr_mode,
                                              Cost_estimate *cost);
  virtual ha_rows multi_range_read_info(uint keyno, uint n_ranges, uint keys,
                                        uint key_parts, uint *bufsz, 
                                        uint *mrr_mode, Cost_estimate *cost);
  virtual int multi_range_read_init(RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq, void *seq_init_param,
                                    uint n_ranges, uint mrr_mode, 
                                    HANDLER_BUFFER *buf);
  virtual int multi_range_read_next(range_id_t *range_info);
  /*
    Return string representation of the MRR plan.

    This is intended to be used for EXPLAIN, via the following scenario:
    1. SQL layer calls handler->multi_range_read_info().
    1.1. Storage engine figures out whether it will use some non-default
         MRR strategy, sets appropritate bits in *mrr_mode, and returns 
         control to SQL layer
    2. SQL layer remembers the returned mrr_mode
    3. SQL layer compares various options and choses the final query plan. As
       a part of that, it makes a choice of whether to use the MRR strategy
       picked in 1.1
    4. EXPLAIN code converts the query plan to its text representation. If MRR
       strategy is part of the plan, it calls
       multi_range_read_explain_info(mrr_mode) to get a text representation of
       the picked MRR strategy.

    @param mrr_mode   Mode which was returned by multi_range_read_info[_const]
    @param str        INOUT string to be printed for EXPLAIN
    @param str_end    End of the string buffer. The function is free to put the 
                      string into [str..str_end] memory range.
  */
  virtual int multi_range_read_explain_info(uint mrr_mode, char *str, 
                                            size_t size)
  { return 0; }

  virtual int read_range_first(const key_range *start_key,
                               const key_range *end_key,
                               bool eq_range, bool sorted);
  virtual int read_range_next();
  int compare_key(key_range *range);
  int compare_key2(key_range *range);
  virtual int ft_init() { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  void ft_end() { ft_handler=NULL; }
  virtual FT_INFO *ft_init_ext(uint flags, uint inx,String *key)
    { return NULL; }
private:
  virtual int ft_read(uchar *buf) { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int rnd_next(uchar *buf)=0;
  virtual int rnd_pos(uchar * buf, uchar *pos)=0;
  /**
    This function only works for handlers having
    HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION set.
    It will return the row with the PK given in the record argument.
  */
  virtual int rnd_pos_by_record(uchar *record)
  {
    position(record);
    return rnd_pos(record, ref);
  }
  virtual int read_first_row(uchar *buf, uint primary_key);
public:

  /* Same as above, but with statistics */
  inline int ha_ft_read(uchar *buf);
  int ha_rnd_next(uchar *buf);
  int ha_rnd_pos(uchar *buf, uchar *pos);
  inline int ha_rnd_pos_by_record(uchar *buf);
  inline int ha_read_first_row(uchar *buf, uint primary_key);

  /**
    The following 3 function is only needed for tables that may be
    internal temporary tables during joins.
  */
  virtual int remember_rnd_pos()
    { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int restart_rnd_next(uchar *buf)
    { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int rnd_same(uchar *buf, uint inx)
    { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }

  virtual ha_rows records_in_range(uint inx, key_range *min_key,
                                   key_range *max_key)
    { return (ha_rows) 10; }
  /*
    If HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION is set, then it sets ref
    (reference to the row, aka position, with the primary key given in
    the record).
    Otherwise it set ref to the current row.
  */
  virtual void position(const uchar *record)=0;
  virtual int info(uint)=0; // see my_base.h for full description
  virtual void get_dynamic_partition_info(PARTITION_STATS *stat_info,
                                          uint part_id);
  virtual int extra(enum ha_extra_function operation)
  { return 0; }
  virtual int extra_opt(enum ha_extra_function operation, ulong cache_size)
  { return extra(operation); }

  /**
    In an UPDATE or DELETE, if the row under the cursor was locked by another
    transaction, and the engine used an optimistic read of the last
    committed row value under the cursor, then the engine returns 1 from this
    function. MySQL must NOT try to update this optimistic value. If the
    optimistic value does not match the WHERE condition, MySQL can decide to
    skip over this row. Currently only works for InnoDB. This can be used to
    avoid unnecessary lock waits.

    If this method returns nonzero, it will also signal the storage
    engine that the next read will be a locking re-read of the row.
  */
  virtual bool was_semi_consistent_read() { return 0; }
  /**
    Tell the engine whether it should avoid unnecessary lock waits.
    If yes, in an UPDATE or DELETE, if the row under the cursor was locked
    by another transaction, the engine may try an optimistic read of
    the last committed row value under the cursor.
  */
  virtual void try_semi_consistent_read(bool) {}
  virtual void unlock_row() {}
  virtual int start_stmt(THD *thd, thr_lock_type lock_type) {return 0;}
  virtual void get_auto_increment(ulonglong offset, ulonglong increment,
                                  ulonglong nb_desired_values,
                                  ulonglong *first_value,
                                  ulonglong *nb_reserved_values);
  void set_next_insert_id(ulonglong id)
  {
    DBUG_PRINT("info",("auto_increment: next value %lu", (ulong)id));
    next_insert_id= id;
  }
  void restore_auto_increment(ulonglong prev_insert_id)
  {
    /*
      Insertion of a row failed, re-use the lastly generated auto_increment
      id, for the next row. This is achieved by resetting next_insert_id to
      what it was before the failed insertion (that old value is provided by
      the caller). If that value was 0, it was the first row of the INSERT;
      then if insert_id_for_cur_row contains 0 it means no id was generated
      for this first row, so no id was generated since the INSERT started, so
      we should set next_insert_id to 0; if insert_id_for_cur_row is not 0, it
      is the generated id of the first and failed row, so we use it.
    */
    next_insert_id= (prev_insert_id > 0) ? prev_insert_id :
      insert_id_for_cur_row;
  }

  virtual void update_create_info(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info) {}
  int check_old_types();
  virtual int assign_to_keycache(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual int preload_keys(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  /* end of the list of admin commands */

  virtual int indexes_are_disabled(void) {return 0;}
  virtual char *update_table_comment(const char * comment)
  { return (char*) comment;}
  virtual void append_create_info(String *packet) {}
  /**
    If index == MAX_KEY then a check for table is made and if index <
    MAX_KEY then a check is made if the table has foreign keys and if
    a foreign key uses this index (and thus the index cannot be dropped).

    @param  index            Index to check if foreign key uses it

    @retval   TRUE            Foreign key defined on table or index
    @retval   FALSE           No foreign key defined
  */
  virtual bool is_fk_defined_on_table_or_index(uint index)
  { return FALSE; }
  virtual char* get_foreign_key_create_info()
  { return(NULL);}  /* gets foreign key create string from InnoDB */
  virtual char* get_tablespace_name(THD *thd, char *name, uint name_len)
  { return(NULL);}  /* gets tablespace name from handler */
  /** used in ALTER TABLE; 1 if changing storage engine is allowed */
  virtual bool can_switch_engines() { return 1; }
  virtual int can_continue_handler_scan() { return 0; }
  /**
    Get the list of foreign keys in this table.

    @remark Returns the set of foreign keys where this table is the
            dependent or child table.

    @param thd  The thread handle.
    @param f_key_list[out]  The list of foreign keys.

    @return The handler error code or zero for success.
  */
  virtual int
  get_foreign_key_list(THD *thd, List<FOREIGN_KEY_INFO> *f_key_list)
  { return 0; }
  /**
    Get the list of foreign keys referencing this table.

    @remark Returns the set of foreign keys where this table is the
            referenced or parent table.

    @param thd  The thread handle.
    @param f_key_list[out]  The list of foreign keys.

    @return The handler error code or zero for success.
  */
  virtual int
  get_parent_foreign_key_list(THD *thd, List<FOREIGN_KEY_INFO> *f_key_list)
  { return 0; }
  virtual uint referenced_by_foreign_key() { return 0;}
  virtual void init_table_handle_for_HANDLER()
  { return; }       /* prepare InnoDB for HANDLER */
  virtual void free_foreign_key_create_info(char* str) {}
  /** The following can be called without an open handler */
  const char *table_type() const { return hton_name(ht)->str; }
  const char **bas_ext() const { return ht->tablefile_extensions; }

  virtual int get_default_no_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info)
  { return 1;}
  virtual void set_auto_partitions(partition_info *part_info) { return; }
  virtual bool get_no_parts(const char *name,
                            uint *no_parts)
  {
    *no_parts= 0;
    return 0;
  }
  virtual void set_part_info(partition_info *part_info) {return;}

  virtual ulong index_flags(uint idx, uint part, bool all_parts) const =0;

/**
   First phase of in-place add index.
   Handlers are supposed to create new indexes here but not make them
   visible.

   @param table_arg   Table to add index to
   @param key_info    Information about new indexes
   @param num_of_key  Number of new indexes
   @param add[out]    Context of handler specific information needed
                      for final_add_index().

   @note This function can be called with less than exclusive metadata
   lock depending on which flags are listed in alter_table_flags.
*/
  virtual int add_index(TABLE *table_arg, KEY *key_info, uint num_of_keys,
                        handler_add_index **add)
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }

/**
   Second and last phase of in-place add index.
   Commit or rollback pending new indexes.

   @param add     Context of handler specific information from add_index().
   @param commit  If true, commit. If false, rollback index changes.

   @note This function is called with exclusive metadata lock.
*/
  virtual int final_add_index(handler_add_index *add, bool commit)
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }

  virtual int prepare_drop_index(TABLE *table_arg, uint *key_num,
                                 uint num_of_keys)
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  virtual int final_drop_index(TABLE *table_arg)
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }

  uint max_record_length() const
  { return min(HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH, max_supported_record_length()); }
  uint max_keys() const
  { return min(MAX_KEY, max_supported_keys()); }
  uint max_key_parts() const
  { return min(MAX_REF_PARTS, max_supported_key_parts()); }
  uint max_key_length() const
  { return min(MAX_KEY_LENGTH, max_supported_key_length()); }
  uint max_key_part_length() const
  { return min(MAX_KEY_LENGTH, max_supported_key_part_length()); }

  virtual uint max_supported_record_length() const { return HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH; }
  virtual uint max_supported_keys() const { return 0; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_parts() const { return MAX_REF_PARTS; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_length() const { return MAX_KEY_LENGTH; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_part_length() const { return 255; }
  virtual uint min_record_length(uint options) const { return 1; }

  virtual uint checksum() const { return 0; }
  virtual bool is_crashed() const  { return 0; }
  virtual bool auto_repair(int error) const { return 0; }

  void update_global_table_stats();
  void update_global_index_stats();

#define CHF_CREATE_FLAG 0
#define CHF_DELETE_FLAG 1
#define CHF_RENAME_FLAG 2
#define CHF_INDEX_FLAG  3

  /**
    @note lock_count() can return > 1 if the table is MERGE or partitioned.
  */
  virtual uint lock_count(void) const { return 1; }
  /**
    Is not invoked for non-transactional temporary tables.

    @note store_lock() can return more than one lock if the table is MERGE
    or partitioned.

    @note that one can NOT rely on table->in_use in store_lock().  It may
    refer to a different thread if called from mysql_lock_abort_for_thread().

    @note If the table is MERGE, store_lock() can return less locks
    than lock_count() claimed. This can happen when the MERGE children
    are not attached when this is called from another thread.
  */
  virtual THR_LOCK_DATA **store_lock(THD *thd,
				     THR_LOCK_DATA **to,
				     enum thr_lock_type lock_type)=0;

  /** Type of table for caching query */
  virtual uint8 table_cache_type() { return HA_CACHE_TBL_NONTRANSACT; }


  /**
    @brief Register a named table with a call back function to the query cache.

    @param thd The thread handle
    @param table_key A pointer to the table name in the table cache
    @param key_length The length of the table name
    @param[out] engine_callback The pointer to the storage engine call back
      function
    @param[out] engine_data Storage engine specific data which could be
      anything

    This method offers the storage engine, the possibility to store a reference
    to a table name which is going to be used with query cache. 
    The method is called each time a statement is written to the cache and can
    be used to verify if a specific statement is cachable. It also offers
    the possibility to register a generic (but static) call back function which
    is called each time a statement is matched against the query cache.

    @note If engine_data supplied with this function is different from
      engine_data supplied with the callback function, and the callback returns
      FALSE, a table invalidation on the current table will occur.

    @return Upon success the engine_callback will point to the storage engine
      call back function, if any, and engine_data will point to any storage
      engine data used in the specific implementation.
      @retval TRUE Success
      @retval FALSE The specified table or current statement should not be
        cached
  */

  virtual my_bool register_query_cache_table(THD *thd, char *table_key,
                                             uint key_length,
                                             qc_engine_callback
                                             *engine_callback,
                                             ulonglong *engine_data)
  {
    *engine_callback= 0;
    return TRUE;
  }

  /*
    Count tables invisible from all tables list on which current one built
    (like myisammrg and partitioned tables)

    tables_type          mask for the tables should be added herdde

    returns number of such tables
  */

  virtual uint count_query_cache_dependant_tables(uint8 *tables_type
                                                  __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return 0;
  }

  /*
    register tables invisible from all tables list on which current one built
    (like myisammrg and partitioned tables).

    @note they should be counted by method above

    cache                Query cache pointer
    block                Query cache block to write the table
    n                    Number of the table

    @retval FALSE - OK
    @retval TRUE  - Error
  */

  virtual my_bool
    register_query_cache_dependant_tables(THD *thd
                                          __attribute__((unused)),
                                          Query_cache *cache
                                          __attribute__((unused)),
                                          Query_cache_block_table **block
                                          __attribute__((unused)),
                                          uint *n __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return FALSE;
  }

 /*
   Check if the primary key (if there is one) is a clustered and a
   reference key. This means:

   - Data is stored together with the primary key (no secondary lookup
     needed to find the row data). The optimizer uses this to find out
     the cost of fetching data.
   - The primary key is part of each secondary key and is used
     to find the row data in the primary index when reading trough
     secondary indexes.
   - When doing a HA_KEYREAD_ONLY we get also all the primary key parts
     into the row. This is critical property used by index_merge.

   All the above is usually true for engines that store the row
   data in the primary key index (e.g. in a b-tree), and use the primary
   key value as a position().  InnoDB is an example of such an engine.

   For such a clustered primary key, the following should also hold:
   index_flags() should contain HA_CLUSTERED_INDEX
   table_flags() should contain HA_TABLE_SCAN_ON_INDEX

   @retval TRUE   yes
   @retval FALSE  No.
 */
 virtual bool primary_key_is_clustered() { return FALSE; }
 virtual int cmp_ref(const uchar *ref1, const uchar *ref2)
 {
   return memcmp(ref1, ref2, ref_length);
 }

 /*
   Condition pushdown to storage engines
 */

 /**
   Push condition down to the table handler.

   @param  cond   Condition to be pushed. The condition tree must not be
                  modified by the by the caller.

   @return
     The 'remainder' condition that caller must use to filter out records.
     NULL means the handler will not return rows that do not match the
     passed condition.

   @note
   The pushed conditions form a stack (from which one can remove the
   last pushed condition using cond_pop).
   The table handler filters out rows using (pushed_cond1 AND pushed_cond2 
   AND ... AND pushed_condN)
   or less restrictive condition, depending on handler's capabilities.

   handler->ha_reset() call empties the condition stack.
   Calls to rnd_init/rnd_end, index_init/index_end etc do not affect the
   condition stack.
 */ 
 virtual const COND *cond_push(const COND *cond) { return cond; };
 /**
   Pop the top condition from the condition stack of the handler instance.

   Pops the top if condition stack, if stack is not empty.
 */
 virtual void cond_pop() { return; };
 virtual Item *idx_cond_push(uint keyno, Item* idx_cond) { return idx_cond; }
 /** Reset information about pushed index conditions */
 virtual void cancel_pushed_idx_cond()
 {
   pushed_idx_cond= NULL;
   pushed_idx_cond_keyno= MAX_KEY;
   in_range_check_pushed_down= false;
 }
 virtual bool check_if_incompatible_data(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
					 uint table_changes)
 { return COMPATIBLE_DATA_NO; }

  /**
    use_hidden_primary_key() is called in case of an update/delete when
    (table_flags() and HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_DELETE) is defined
    but we don't have a primary key
  */
  virtual void use_hidden_primary_key();
  virtual uint alter_table_flags(uint flags)
  {
    if (ht->alter_table_flags)
      return ht->alter_table_flags(flags);
    return 0;
  }

  LEX_STRING *engine_name() { return hton_name(ht); }

  /*
    @brief
    Check whether the engine supports virtual columns
    
    @retval
      FALSE   if the engine does not support virtual columns    
    @retval
      TRUE    if the engine supports virtual columns
  */

  virtual bool check_if_supported_virtual_columns(void) { return FALSE;}
  
  TABLE* get_table() { return table; }
protected:
  /* deprecated, don't use in new engines */
  inline void ha_statistic_increment(ulong SSV::*offset) const { }

  /* Service methods for use by storage engines. */
  void **ha_data(THD *) const;
  THD *ha_thd(void) const;

  /**
    Acquire the instrumented table information from a table share.
    @return an instrumented table share, or NULL.
  */
  PSI_table_share *ha_table_share_psi() const;

  inline void psi_open()
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(m_psi == NULL);
    DBUG_ASSERT(table_share != NULL);
    if (PSI_server)
    {
      PSI_table_share *share_psi= ha_table_share_psi();
      if (share_psi)
        m_psi= PSI_CALL_open_table(share_psi, this);
    }
  }

  inline void psi_close()
  {
    if (PSI_server && m_psi)
    {
      PSI_CALL_close_table(m_psi);
      m_psi= NULL; /* instrumentation handle, invalid after close_table() */
    }
    DBUG_ASSERT(m_psi == NULL);
  }

  /**
    Default rename_table() and delete_table() rename/delete files with a
    given name and extensions from bas_ext().

    These methods can be overridden, but their default implementation
    provide useful functionality.
  */
  virtual int rename_table(const char *from, const char *to);
  /**
    Delete a table in the engine. Called for base as well as temporary
    tables.
  */
  virtual int delete_table(const char *name);

private:
  /* Private helpers */
  void mark_trx_read_write_part2();
  inline void mark_trx_read_write()
  {
    if (!mark_trx_done)
      mark_trx_read_write_part2();
  }
  inline void increment_statistics(ulong SSV::*offset) const;
  inline void decrement_statistics(ulong SSV::*offset) const;

  /*
    Low-level primitives for storage engines.  These should be
    overridden by the storage engine class. To call these methods, use
    the corresponding 'ha_*' method above.
  */

  virtual int open(const char *name, int mode, uint test_if_locked)=0;
  /* Note: ha_index_read_idx_map() may bypass index_init() */
  virtual int index_init(uint idx, bool sorted) { return 0; }
  virtual int index_end() { return 0; }
  /**
    rnd_init() can be called two times without rnd_end() in between
    (it only makes sense if scan=1).
    then the second call should prepare for the new table scan (e.g
    if rnd_init allocates the cursor, second call should position it
    to the start of the table, no need to deallocate and allocate it again
  */
  virtual int rnd_init(bool scan)= 0;
  virtual int rnd_end() { return 0; }
  virtual int write_row(uchar *buf __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }

  virtual int update_row(const uchar *old_data __attribute__((unused)),
                         uchar *new_data __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }

  virtual int delete_row(const uchar *buf __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    Reset state of file to after 'open'.
    This function is called after every statement for all tables used
    by that statement.
  */
  virtual int reset() { return 0; }
  virtual Table_flags table_flags(void) const= 0;
  /**
    Is not invoked for non-transactional temporary tables.

    Tells the storage engine that we intend to read or write data
    from the table. This call is prefixed with a call to handler::store_lock()
    and is invoked only for those handler instances that stored the lock.

    Calls to rnd_init/index_init are prefixed with this call. When table
    IO is complete, we call external_lock(F_UNLCK).
    A storage engine writer should expect that each call to
    ::external_lock(F_[RD|WR]LOCK is followed by a call to
    ::external_lock(F_UNLCK). If it is not, it is a bug in MySQL.

    The name and signature originate from the first implementation
    in MyISAM, which would call fcntl to set/clear an advisory
    lock on the data file in this method.

    @param   lock_type    F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK

    @return  non-0 in case of failure, 0 in case of success.
    When lock_type is F_UNLCK, the return value is ignored.
  */
  virtual int external_lock(THD *thd __attribute__((unused)),
                            int lock_type __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return 0;
  }
  virtual void release_auto_increment() { return; };
  /** admin commands - called from mysql_admin_table */
  virtual int check_for_upgrade(HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt)
  { return 0; }
  virtual int check(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }

  /**
     In this method check_opt can be modified
     to specify CHECK option to use to call check()
     upon the table.
  */
  virtual int repair(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(!(ha_table_flags() & HA_CAN_REPAIR));
    return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
  }
  virtual void start_bulk_insert(ha_rows rows, uint flags) {}
  virtual int end_bulk_insert() { return 0; }
  virtual int index_read(uchar * buf, const uchar * key, uint key_len,
                         enum ha_rkey_function find_flag)
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  /**
    This method is similar to update_row, however the handler doesn't need
    to execute the updates at this point in time. The handler can be certain
    that another call to bulk_update_row will occur OR a call to
    exec_bulk_update before the set of updates in this query is concluded.

    @param    old_data       Old record
    @param    new_data       New record
    @param    dup_key_found  Number of duplicate keys found

    @retval  0   Bulk delete used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk delete not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual int bulk_update_row(const uchar *old_data, uchar *new_data,
                              uint *dup_key_found)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(FALSE);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    This is called to delete all rows in a table
    If the handler don't support this, then this function will
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND and MySQL will delete the rows one
    by one.
  */
  virtual int delete_all_rows()
  { return (my_errno=HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  /**
    Quickly remove all rows from a table.

    @remark This method is responsible for implementing MySQL's TRUNCATE
            TABLE statement, which is a DDL operation. As such, a engine
            can bypass certain integrity checks and in some cases avoid
            fine-grained locking (e.g. row locks) which would normally be
            required for a DELETE statement.

    @remark Typically, truncate is not used if it can result in integrity
            violation. For example, truncate is not used when a foreign
            key references the table, but it might be used if foreign key
            checks are disabled.

    @remark Engine is responsible for resetting the auto-increment counter.

    @remark The table is locked in exclusive mode.
  */
  virtual int truncate()
  {
    int error= delete_all_rows();
    return error ? error : reset_auto_increment(0);
  }
  /**
    Reset the auto-increment counter to the given value, i.e. the next row
    inserted will get the given value.
  */
  virtual int reset_auto_increment(ulonglong value)
  { return 0; }
  virtual int optimize(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual int analyze(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt)
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual bool check_and_repair(THD *thd) { return TRUE; }
  virtual int disable_indexes(uint mode) { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int enable_indexes(uint mode) { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int discard_or_import_tablespace(my_bool discard)
  { return (my_errno=HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  virtual void prepare_for_alter() { return; }
  virtual void drop_table(const char *name);
  virtual int create(const char *name, TABLE *form, HA_CREATE_INFO *info)=0;

  virtual int create_partitioning_metadata(const char *name, const char *old_name,
                                   int action_flag)
  { return FALSE; }

  virtual int change_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
                                const char *path,
                                ulonglong * const copied,
                                ulonglong * const deleted,
                                const uchar *pack_frm_data,
                                size_t pack_frm_len)
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int drop_partitions(const char *path)
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int rename_partitions(const char *path)
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  friend class ha_partition;
public:
  /* XXX to be removed, see ha_partition::partition_ht() */
  virtual handlerton *partition_ht() const
  { return ht; }
  inline int ha_write_tmp_row(uchar *buf);
  inline int ha_update_tmp_row(const uchar * old_data, uchar * new_data);

  friend enum icp_result handler_index_cond_check(void* h_arg);
};

#include "multi_range_read.h"

bool key_uses_partial_cols(TABLE *table, uint keyno);

	/* Some extern variables used with handlers */

extern const char *ha_row_type[];
extern MYSQL_PLUGIN_IMPORT const char *tx_isolation_names[];
extern MYSQL_PLUGIN_IMPORT const char *binlog_format_names[];
extern TYPELIB tx_isolation_typelib;
extern const char *myisam_stats_method_names[];
extern ulong total_ha, total_ha_2pc;

/* lookups */
handlerton *ha_default_handlerton(THD *thd);
plugin_ref ha_resolve_by_name(THD *thd, const LEX_STRING *name);
plugin_ref ha_lock_engine(THD *thd, const handlerton *hton);
handlerton *ha_resolve_by_legacy_type(THD *thd, enum legacy_db_type db_type);
handler *get_new_handler(TABLE_SHARE *share, MEM_ROOT *alloc,
                         handlerton *db_type);
handlerton *ha_checktype(THD *thd, enum legacy_db_type database_type,
                          bool no_substitute, bool report_error);


static inline enum legacy_db_type ha_legacy_type(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return (db_type == NULL) ? DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN : db_type->db_type;
}

static inline const char *ha_resolve_storage_engine_name(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return db_type == NULL ? "UNKNOWN" : hton_name(db_type)->str;
}

static inline bool ha_check_storage_engine_flag(const handlerton *db_type, uint32 flag)
{
  return db_type == NULL ? FALSE : test(db_type->flags & flag);
}

static inline bool ha_storage_engine_is_enabled(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return (db_type && db_type->create) ?
         (db_type->state == SHOW_OPTION_YES) : FALSE;
}

#define view_pseudo_hton ((handlerton *)1)

/* basic stuff */
int ha_init_errors(void);
int ha_init(void);
int ha_end(void);
int ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int *plugin);
int ha_finalize_handlerton(st_plugin_int *plugin);

TYPELIB *ha_known_exts(void);
int ha_panic(enum ha_panic_function flag);
void ha_close_connection(THD* thd);
void ha_kill_query(THD* thd, enum thd_kill_levels level);
bool ha_flush_logs(handlerton *db_type);
void ha_drop_database(char* path);
void ha_checkpoint_state(bool disable);
void ha_commit_checkpoint_request(void *cookie, void (*pre_hook)(void *));
int ha_create_table(THD *thd, const char *path,
                    const char *db, const char *table_name,
                    HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info, LEX_CUSTRING *frm);
int ha_delete_table(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type, const char *path,
                    const char *db, const char *alias, bool generate_warning);

/* statistics and info */
bool ha_show_status(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type, enum ha_stat_type stat);

/* discovery */
#ifdef MYSQL_SERVER
class Discovered_table_list: public handlerton::discovered_list
{
  THD *thd;
  const char *wild, *wend;
public:
  Dynamic_array<LEX_STRING*> *tables;

  Discovered_table_list(THD *thd_arg, Dynamic_array<LEX_STRING*> *tables_arg,
                        const LEX_STRING *wild_arg);
  ~Discovered_table_list() {}

  bool add_table(const char *tname, size_t tlen);
  bool add_file(const char *fname);

  void sort();
  void remove_duplicates(); // assumes that the list is sorted
};

int ha_discover_table(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share);
int ha_discover_table_names(THD *thd, LEX_STRING *db, MY_DIR *dirp,
                            Discovered_table_list *result);
bool ha_table_exists(THD *thd, const char *db, const char *table_name,
                     handlerton **hton= 0);
#endif

/* key cache */
extern "C" int ha_init_key_cache(const char *name, KEY_CACHE *key_cache, void *);
int ha_resize_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_change_key_cache_param(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_repartition_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_change_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *old_key_cache, KEY_CACHE *new_key_cache);

/* report to InnoDB that control passes to the client */
int ha_release_temporary_latches(THD *thd);

/* transactions: interface to handlerton functions */
int ha_start_consistent_snapshot(THD *thd);
int ha_commit_or_rollback_by_xid(XID *xid, bool commit);
int ha_commit_one_phase(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_commit_trans(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_rollback_trans(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_prepare(THD *thd);
int ha_recover(HASH *commit_list);

/* transactions: these functions never call handlerton functions directly */
int ha_enable_transaction(THD *thd, bool on);

/* savepoints */
int ha_rollback_to_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);
int ha_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);
int ha_release_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);

/* these are called by storage engines */
void trans_register_ha(THD *thd, bool all, handlerton *ht);

/*
  Storage engine has to assume the transaction will end up with 2pc if
   - there is more than one 2pc-capable storage engine available
   - in the current transaction 2pc was not disabled yet
*/
#define trans_need_2pc(thd, all)                   ((total_ha_2pc > 1) && \
        !((all ? &thd->transaction.all : &thd->transaction.stmt)->no_2pc))

#ifdef HAVE_NDB_BINLOG
int ha_reset_logs(THD *thd);
int ha_binlog_index_purge_file(THD *thd, const char *file);
void ha_reset_slave(THD *thd);
void ha_binlog_log_query(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type,
                         enum_binlog_command binlog_command,
                         const char *query, uint query_length,
                         const char *db, const char *table_name);
void ha_binlog_wait(THD *thd);
int ha_binlog_end(THD *thd);
#else
#define ha_reset_logs(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_index_purge_file(a,b) do {} while (0)
#define ha_reset_slave(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_log_query(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_wait(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_end(a)  do {} while (0)
#endif

const char *get_canonical_filename(handler *file, const char *path,
                                   char *tmp_path);
bool mysql_xa_recover(THD *thd);
void commit_checkpoint_notify_ha(handlerton *hton, void *cookie);

inline const char *table_case_name(HA_CREATE_INFO *info, const char *name)
{
  return ((lower_case_table_names == 2 && info->alias) ? info->alias : name);
}
#endif
